Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population by exposure group and the relation between each covariate and the main exposure (n = 632).
| Characteristics | Exposure: Daily MPSE | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Low (<9 min/day) |
n | Medium (9–20 min/day) |
n | High (>20 min/day) |
|
| Biological markers | ||||||
| Sex * | 224 | 191 | 218 | |||
| female | 108 (48) | 112 (59) | 126 (58) | |||
| male | 116 (52) | 79 (41) | 92 (42) | |||
| BMI | 223 | 190 | 217 | |||
| normal | 163 (73) | 143 (75) | 145 (67) | |||
| overweight | 60 (27) | 47 (25) | 72 (33) | |||
| Age *, mean (SD) | 211 | 13.75 (0.93) | 184 | 13.91 (0.96) | 213 | 14.01 (0.95) |
| Maternal | ||||||
| MEB | 224 | 191 | 217 | |||
| low | 90 (40) | 69 (36) | 95 (44) | |||
| high | 134 (60) | 122 (64) | 122 (56) | |||
| Lifestyle | ||||||
| PAF | 224 | 189 | 217 | |||
| Once a week | 40 (18) | 43 (23) | 33 (15) | |||
| Twice a week | 64 (29) | 49 (26) | 49 (23) | |||
| 3 times a week | 58 (26) | 42 (22) | 64 (29) | |||
| >3 times a week | 62 (28) | 55 (29) | 71 (33) | |||
| Sleep hours * | 219 | 185 | 216 | |||
| less than 8 | 44 (20) | 42 (23) | 74 (34) | |||
| 8 or more | 175 (80) | 143 (77) | 142 (66) | |||
| MD scores * | 216 | 186 | 184 | |||
| normal | 111 (51) | 117 (63) | 114 (62) | |||
| high | 105 (49) | 69 (37) | 70 (38) | |||
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as the number (percentage) of participants. MPSE, mobile phone screen exposure; BMI, body mass index; MEB, mother’s educational background; PAF, physical activity frequency; MD, Mediterranean diet. * p-value < 0.05 obtained through chi square test. Age, being a continuous variable, was analyzed using an ANOVA test to study the correlation between means.