Table 4.
Association between mobile phone screen exposure and cognitive outcomes, adjusting for intermediate factors.
| MPSE | HRT-SE (ms) (Inattentiveness) |
PMA-R Score (Fluid Intelligence) |
N-Back Score (Working Memory) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AA | FAA | AA | FAA | AA | FAA | |
| N | 580 | 559 | 578 | 557 | 574 | 553 |
| Low (<9 min/d) |
ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Medium (9–20 min/d) |
17.6 * (3.4, 31.7) |
15.8 * (1.4, 30.3) |
−0.15 (−1.25, 0.95) |
0.09 (−1.12, 1.14) |
0.019 (−0.14, 0.18) |
0.003 (−0.16, 0.17) |
| High (>20 min/d) |
12.9 (−0.8, 31.7) |
14.97 * (0.9, 29.1) |
0.11 (−0.95, 1.18) |
0.21 (−1.08, 1.12) |
−0.441 (−0.20, 0.11) |
−0.052 (−0.21, 0.11) |
MPSE, mobile phone screen exposure; HRT-SE, hit reaction time standard error; PMA-R, Primary Mental Ability Test; N, number of subjects with available data. Data are expressed as β coefficients (95% CI) obtained through multivariable linear regression. AA (adjusted analysis) is adjusted for sex, BMI, age, and mother’s educational background. FFA (fully adjusted model) is further adjusted for sleep hours, Mediterranean diet scores, and physical activity frequency. * p-value < 0.05.