Table 2.
Statistical results for kinematics parameters with and without insoles (mean (SD)).
| Parameter | Barefoot | PORON® Medical 4708 | Pe-Lite | Nora Lunalight A Fresh | Nora Lunalastik EVA | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Soft) | (Rigid) | (Rigid) | (Soft) | ||||
| Ankle angle (degree) | |||||||
| Max dorsiflexion | 13.93 (5.0) | 16.08 (3.8) | 15.54 (4.7) | 17.80 (5.0) | 18.60 (10.5) | 0.630 | 0.021 |
| Max plantarflexion | −7.32 (5.9) | −15.11 (12.8) | −14.05 (10.6) | −11.28 (7.4) | −11.73 (14.3) | 0.069 | 0.129 |
| ROM over gait cycle | 21.25 (6.5) | 31.19 (13.1) # | 29.60 (11.0) # | 29.08 (10.7) # | 30.32 (13.3) # | 0.001 | 0.341 |
| Knee angle (degree) | |||||||
| Max flexion | 45.51 (15.2) | 47.50 (18.7) | 48.91 (15.8) | 44.47 (17.0) | 49.79 (17.0) # | 0.027 | 0.147 |
| Max extension | 2.30 (6.9) | 1.97 (7.3) | 1.85 (9.0) | 1.52 (8.3) | 1.61 (8.4) | 0.760 | 0.017 |
| ROM over gait cycle | 44.47 (11.5) | 47.57 (13.5) | 47.75 (13.1) | 44.00 (13.5) | 48.93 (13.3) | 0.044 | 0.135 |
| Hip angle (degree) | |||||||
| Max flexion | 22.60 (8.3) | 21.98 (9.1) | 21.20 (7.7) | 24.75 (13.1) | 22.59 (7.3) | 0.191 | 0.078 |
| Max extension | −13.47 (6.8) | −15.14 (7.3) | −14.11 (9.6) | −14.75 (11.6) | −14.72 (9.1) | 0.771 | 0.015 |
| ROM over gait cycle | 36.07 (8.0) | 37.12 (8.4) | 35.98 (10.0) | 39.50 (8.2) | 37.31 (8.5) | 0.231 | 0.070 |
Notes: # indicates p < 0.05, significant difference from barefoot. Max indicates maximum. ROM indicates range of motion.