Table 3.

Statistical results for kinetics parameters with and without insoles (mean (SD)).

Parameter	Barefoot	PORON® Medical 4708	Pe-Lite	Nora Lunalight A Fresh	Nora Lunalastik EVA	p Value	${\mathit{\eta }}_{\mathit{p}}^2$
Ankle moment (Nm/kg)
Max plantarflexion	1.25 (0.3)	1.22 (0.4)	1.14 (0.4)	1.10 (0.4)	1.19 (0.4)	0.112	1.829
Max dorsiflexion in loading response	−0.04 (0.1)	0.01 (0.1)	0.02 (0.1)	0.02 (0.1)	−0.04 (0.1)	0.021	0.127
Ankle power (W/kg)
Max generation	1.02 (0.4)	1.12 (0.5)	1.15 (0.6)	1.16 (0.6)	1.27 (0.8)	0.317	0.054
Max absorption	−0.38 (0.3)	−0.58 (0.5)	−0.60 (0.7)	−0.53 (0.5)	−0.70 (1.0)	0.111	0.103
Knee moment (Nm/kg)
Max extension	0.19 (0.2)	0.12 (0.1)	0.12 (0.1)	0.16 (0.2)	0.12 (0.1)	0.115	0.098
Max flexion	−0.36 (0.2)	−0.44 (0.2) #	−0.43 (0.2)	−0.41 (0.3)	−0.43 (0.3)	0.022	0.126
Knee power (W/kg)
Max generation in single support	0.62 (0.7)	0.35 (0.3)	0.45 (0.4)	0.35 (0.3)	0.47 (0.5)	0.160	0.085
Max absorption during stance	−1.09 (0.8)	−0.61 (0.5)	−0.71 (0.8)	−0.59 (0.3)	−0.70 (0.4)	0.046	0.142
Hip moment (Nm/kg)
Max extension	0.55 (0.3)	0.46 (0.2)	0.48 (0.4)	0.45 (0.2)	0.43 (0.3)	0.253	0.063
Max flexion	−0.60 (0.3)	−0.43 (0.3) #	−0.45 (0.3)	−0.44 (0.3) #	−0.45 (0.3) #	0.006	0.187
Hip power (W/kg)
Max generation during preswing	1.00 (0.5)	0.92 (0.5)	1.01 (0.8)	0.86 (0.4)	0.95 (0.5)	0.569	0.030
Max absorption during stance	−0.63 (0.4)	−0.66 (0.5)	−0.71 (0.8)	−0.61 (0.5)	−0.73 (0.5)	0.751	0.022

Notes: ^# indicates p < 0.05, significant difference from barefoot.