Table 2.

Comparison of blood concentrations of Zn, Se, Cu, vitamin D, vitamin A and vitamin E in patients with asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy and HDM allergy.

Investigated Trait	Allergy/Disease Present			Allergy/Disease Absent			p
	Mean ± SD	95% CI	Range	Mean ± SD	95% CI	Range
Asthma
Se (µg/L)	64.61 ± 12.80	60.57–68.65	38.00–91.00	68.51 ± 10.44	65.22–71.81	53.00–94.00	0.135
Cu (mg/L)	96.67 ± 17.43	91.17–102.20	61.20–131.70	104.59 ± 16.77	99.30–109.90	65.40–133.60	0.039
Zn (mg/L)	88.57 ± 18.05	82.87–94.27	58.10–147.60	81.06 ± 11.84	77.33–84.80	62.20–106.00	0.029
Vit D 25 (ng/mL)	23.28 ± 8.87	20.48–26.07	7.80–52.80	21.59 ± 6.90	19.41–23.77	5.70–37.40	0.339
Vit D 1,25 (ng/mL)	56.68 ± 21.98	49.74–63.62	27.80–134.30	59.87 ± 18.04	54.18–65.57	31.50–114.40	0.475
Vit A (µg/mL)	0.31 ± 0.12	0.27–0.35	0.14–0.64	0.35 ± 0.10	0.32–0.38	0.19–0.68	0.146
Vit E (µg/mL)	8.87 ± 2.14	8.19–9.54	5.16–14.80	9.93 ± 2.73	9.07–10.79	4.44–19.04	0.053
Allergic rhinitis
Se (µg/L)	64.76 ± 12.40	60.84–68.67	38.00–91.00	68.37 ± 10.97	64.90–71.83	53.00–94.00	0.167
Cu (mg/L)	96.40 ± 18.80	90.46–102.30	61.20–133.60	104.86 ± 15.08	100.10–109.60	78.20–133.50	0.027
Zn (mg/L)	88.27 ± 14.78	83.60–92.93	58.10–130.20	81.37 ± 15.88	76.35–86.38	62.20–147.60	0.045
Vit D 25 (ng/mL)	23.48 ± 8.45	20.82–26.15	7.80–52.80	21.38 ± 7.35	19.06–23.70	5.70–37.40	0.233
Vit D 1,25 (ng/mL)	56.91 ± 18.88	50.95–62.87	27.80–103.30	59.65 ± 21.30	52.93–66.37	31.50–134.30	0.539
Vit A (µg/mL)	0.32 ± 0.13	0.28–0.36	0.14–0.68	0.34 ± 0.10	0.31–0.37	0.19–0.63	0.318
Vit E (µg/mL)	8.93 ± 2.61	8.11–9.76	5.16–19.04	9.87 ± 2.31	9.14–10.60	4.44–15.01	0.090
Atopic dermatitis
Se (µg/L)	66.75 ± 14.76	58.88–74.62	38.00–94.00	66.52 ± 11.07	63.79–69.24	40.00–91.00	0.953
Cu (mg/L)	103.97 ± 13.45	96.80–111.10	80.70–131.70	99.82 ± 18.30	95.32–104.30	61.20–133.60	0.314
Zn (mg/L)	83.66 ± 23.60	71.09–96.24	58.10–147.60	85.10 ± 13.25	81.84–88.36	63.00–130.20	0.817
Vit D 25 (ng/mL)	21.87 ± 7.00	18.14–25.60	7.80–35.80	22.57 ± 8.20	20.55–24.58	5.70–52.80	0.732
Vit D 1,25 (ng/mL)	60.33 ± 26.01	46.47–74.19	27.80–134.30	57.78 ± 18.53	53.22–62.34	29.80–114.40	0.715
Vit A (µg/mL)	0.34 ± 0.14	0.27–0.41	0.15–0.64	0.33 ± 0.11	0.30–0.35	0.14–0.68	0.722
Vit E (µg/mL)	9.67 ± 2.02	8.60–10.75	5.75–13.40	9.33 ± 2.61	8.70–9.97	4.44–19.04	0.571
Food allergy
Se (µg/L)	62.64 ± 12.63	55.35–69.94	38.00–83.00	67.37 ± 11.52	64.58–70.16	40.00–94.00	0.213
Cu (mg/L)	109.61 ± 12.04	102.70–116.60	93.00–131.70	98.78 ± 17.89	94.45–103.10	61.20–133.60	0.009
Zn (mg/L)	80.39 ± 16.55	70.84–89.95	58.10–115.30	85.73 ± 15.41	82.00–89.46	63.00–147.60	0.281
Vit D 25 (ng/mL)	22.78 ± 8.86	17.66–27.89	7.80–37.40	22.36 ± 7.81	20.47–24.25	5.70–52.80	0.872
Vit D 1,25 (ng/mL)	64.46 ± 25.54	49.71–79.20	31.50–134.30	57.01 ± 18.70	52.48–61.53	27.80–114.40	0.316
Vit A (µg/mL)	0.32 ± 0.08	0.28–0.37	0.15–0.42	0.33 ± 0.12	0.30–0.36	0.14–0.68	0.758
Vit E (µg/mL)	10.03 ± 1.89	8.93–11.12	6.94–14.52	9.27 ± 2.60	8.64–9.90	4.44–19.04	0.217
HDM allergy
Se (µg/L)	62.60 ± 12.55	56.73–68.47	38.00–88.00	67.84 ± 11.32	64.96–70.71	42.00–94.00	0.107
Cu (mg/L)	96.28 ± 17.61	88.04–104.50	68.00–124.00	102.03 ± 17.32	97.64–106.40	61.20–133.60	0.211
Zn (mg/L)	89.46 ± 18.29	80.90–98.02	58.10–130.20	83.32 ± 14.53	79.63–87.01	62.20–147.60	0.182
Vit D 25 (ng/mL)	23.56 ± 7.94	19.84–27.27	7.80–42.30	22.07 ± 7.97	20.04–24.09	5.70–52.80	0.473
Vit D 1,25 (ng/mL)	57.37 ± 20.79	47.63–67.10	32.40–103.30	58.57 ± 19.97	53.50–63.64	27.80–134.30	0.821
Vit A (µg/mL)	0.33 ± 0.14	0.27–0.40	0.14–0.64	0.33 ± 0.10	0.30–0.36	0.19–0.68	0.938
Vit E (µg/mL)	9.27 ± 1.89	8.39–10.16	5.35–13.40	9.44 ± 2.67	8.76–10.12	4.44–19.04	0.755

SD—standard deviation, CI—confidence interval. Groups with and without allergy/disease compared with independent t-test.