Table 3.
Effect of e-cigarette advertising exposure on past 30-day e-cigarette use among youth.
| Model 1 (1447) | Model 2 (1400) | Model 3 (1363) | Model 4 (1247) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any exposure to TV, retail, or online/social media ads or content | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.77 (1.23, 6.24) * | |||
| Exposure to e-cigarette product Ads through TV- programming channels | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 3.08 (1.78, 5.33) *** | |||
| Exposure to e-cigarette product Ads through Point-of-sale channels | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.22 (1.18, 4.18) * | |||
| Exposure to e-cigarette product Ads through online or social media channels | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.33 (1.24, 4.39) ** | |||
| Current use cigarettes at baseline | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 7.01 (1.86, 26.41) ** | 7.88 (2.11, 29.34) ** | 6.63 (1.74, 25.31) ** | 17.23 (4.67, 63.60) *** |
| Ever use of e-cigarette at baseline | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2.87 (1.14, 7.23) * | 3.61 (1.46, 8.94) ** | 2.68 (1.05, 6.81) * | 3.58 (1.51, 8.47) ** |
| Sex | ||||
| Male (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.87 (0.47, 1.62) | 0.93 (0.50, 1.72) | 0.87 (0.47, 1.61) | 0.83 (0.43, 1.61) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White, NH (Reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black, NH | 1.74 (0.51, 5.92) | 1.47 (0.46, 4.75) | 1.76 (0.53, 5.83) | 1.59 (0.45, 5.69) |
| Other/2+ races, NH | 1.40 (0.50, 3.89) | 1.55 (0.57, 4.21) | 1.38 (0.50, 3.85) | 1.63 (0.60, 4.43) |
| Hispanic | 1.55 (0.74, 3.24) | 1.61 (0.79, 3.31) | 1.52 (0.73, 3.18) | 1.35 (0.62, 2.93) |
| Asian, NH | 0.69 (0.20, 2.35) | 0.57 (0.17, 1.99) | 0.86 (0.26, 2.84) | 0.34 (0.10, 1.17) |
| Household Income | ||||
| <USD 25,000 (Reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| USD 25,000–USD 49,999 | 2.41 (0.99, 5.86) | 2.77 (1.13, 6.79) * | 2.33 (0.96, 5.65) | 2.50 (0.95, 6.55) |
| USD 50,000–USD 99,999 | 1.73 (0.64, 4.68) | 2.15 (0.84, 5.54) | 1.77 (0.66, 4.74) | 2.36 (0.85, 6.61) |
| USD 100,000+ | 2.38 (0.88, 6.47) | 2.64 (0.99, 7.07) | 2.38 (0.89, 6.40) | 2.22 (0.72, 6.86) |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast (Reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Midwest | 0.43 (0.19, 0.97) * | 0.42 (0.18, 0.97) * | 0.43 (0.19, 0.97) * | 0.39 (0.16, 0.94) * |
| South | 0.57 (0.22, 1.46) | 0.54 (0.21, 1.42) | 0.58 (0.23, 1.50) | 0.59 (0.22, 1.55) |
| West | 0.56 (0.24, 1.33) | 0.55 (0.23, 1.32) | 0.57 (0.24, 1.36) | 0.52 (0.20, 1.35) |
* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.