Table 4.
Effect of e-cigarette advertising exposure on past 30-day e-cigarette use among young adults.
| Model 1 (791) | Model 2 (776) | Model 3 (735) | Model 4 (690) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any exposure to TV, retail, or online/social media ads or content | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.34 (1.08, 5.11) * | |||
| Exposure to e-cigarette product Ads through TV-programming channels | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.48 (1.29, 4.80) ** | |||
| Exposure to e-cigarette product Ads through Point-of-sale channels | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.02 (1.00, 4.10) * | |||
| Exposure to e-cigarette product Ads through online or social media channels | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 2.18 (1.10, 4.32) * | |||
| Current use cigarettes at baseline | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 4.77 (1.62, 14.05) ** | 5.62 (2.08, 15.23) ** | 5.05 (1.77, 14.47) ** | 6.76 (2.35, 19.40) *** |
| Ever use of e-cigarette at baseline | ||||
| No (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2.15 (0.98, 4.70) | 2.70 (1.22, 5.97) * | 2.21 (0.98, 4.97) | 1.64 (0.70, 3.82) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male (Reference group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.48 (0.25, 0.90) * | 0.44 (0.23, 0.84) * | 0.44 (0.22, 0.86) * | 0.43 (0.21, 0.86) * |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White, NH (Reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black, NH | 2.82 (1.18, 6.77) * | 2.41 (0.99, 5.84) | 3.30 (1.26, 8.61) * | 3.06 (1.12, 8.32) * |
| Other/2+ races, NH | 0.84 (0.27, 2.67) | 0.70 (0.21, 2.26) | 0.91 (0.27, 3.08) | 0.91 (0.24, 3.42) |
| Hispanic | 2.38 (1.05, 5.40) * | 2.39 (1.00, 5.72) | 3.00 (1.18, 7.58) * | 2.57 (0.97, 6.81) |
| Asian, NH | 1.85 (0.65, 5.32) | 1.52 (0.51, 4.48) | 2.38 (0.78, 7.27) | 2.35 (0.76, 7.27) |
| Household Income | ||||
| <USD 25,000 (Reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| USD 25,000–USD 49,999 | 0.45 (0.20, 1.03) | 0.44 (0.19, 1.05) | 0.43 (0.18, 1.03) | 0.42 (0.17, 1.01) |
| USD 50,000–USD 99,999 | 1.08 (0.51, 2.28) | 1.03 (0.48, 2.20) | 0.89 (0.41, 1.92) | 0.88 (0.40, 1.93) |
| USD 100,000+ | 0.19 (0.05, 0.70) * | 0.16 (0.04, 0.61) ** | 0.11 (0.02, 0.51) ** | 0.04 (0.01, 0.12) *** |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast (Reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Midwest | 1.00 (0.35, 2.87) | 0.66 (0.25, 1.76) | 0.95 (0.31, 2.94) | 0.59 (0.18, 1.89) |
| South | 0.91 (0.38, 2.19) | 0.61 (0.27, 1.38) | 0.93 (0.37, 2.35) | 0.86 (0.35, 2.12) |
| West | 0.99 (0.37, 2.62) | 0.66 (0.26, 1.70) | 0.93 (0.33, 2.64) | 0.83 (0.29, 2.40) |
* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.