Table 1.
Baseline demographics of hospitalizations by kidney diagnosis type
| Total (no.* = 1,293,779) |
Normal (no.* = 849,193) |
AKI (no.* = 176,418) |
CKD (no.* = 157,600) |
AKI on CKD (no.* = 110,568) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex, no.* (%) | 553,345 (43) | 372,418 (44) | 72,722 (41) | 65,236 (41) | 42,969 (39) | < 0.001 |
| Age, m (95 CI) | 59.5 (59.4–59.5) | 58.0 (57.9–58.0) | 60.2 (60.2–60.3) | 62.7 (62.6–62.8) | 65.4 (65.4–65.5) | < 0.001 |
| Race, no.* (%) | ||||||
| White | 769,477 (60) | 521,015 (61) | 107,282 (61) | 77,102 (49) | 64,078 (58) | |
| Black | 145,137 (13) | 75,915 (9) | 19,993 (11) | 32,540 (21) | 16,689 (15) | < 0.001 |
| Hispanic | 171,419 (15) | 114,143 (13) | 20,439 (12) | 22,926 (15) | 13,911 (14) | |
| Asian | 26,558 (2) | 16,052 (2) | 3693 (2) | 4172 (3) | 2641 (2) | |
| Other/unknown | 181,188 (14) | 122,068) | 25,011 (14) | 20,860 (13) | 13,249 (12) | |
| Hospital location, no.* (%) | ||||||
| Metropolitan city center | 417,920 (32) | 268,393 (32) | 57,584 (33) | 54,524 (35) | 37,419 (34) | |
| Metropolitan county | 285,243 (22) | 186,234 (23) | 39,991 (23) | 33,356 (22) | 25,662 (24) | |
| Large county | 241,301 (19) | 158,275 (19) | 33,546 (19) | 28,981 (19) | 20,499 (19) | < 0.001 |
| Medium county | 108,833 (8) | 72,545 (9) | 14,218 (8) | 13,229 (9) | 8841 (8) | |
| Micropolitan county | 128,013 (10) | 86,385 (10) | 16,775 (10) | 14,948 (10) | 9905 (9) | |
| Other | 112,469 (9) | 56,010 (7) | 10,548 (6) | 9728 (6) | 6467 (6) | |
| HCV, no.* (%) | 285,116 (22) | 201,154 (24) | 34,781 (20) | 29,247 (19) | 19,934 (18) | < 0.001 |
| EtOH-related, no.* (%) | 467,225 (36) | 345,182 (41) | 63,700 (36) | 30,239 (19) | 28,104 (25) | < 0.001 |
| Decompensated, no.* (%) | 865,500 (67) | 530,481 (63) | 138,167 (78) | 112,581 (71) | 84,271 (76) | |
| Ascites | 594,926 (46) | 355,309 (42) | 98,518 (56) | 75,902 (48) | 65,197 (59) | |
| HE | 210,388 (16) | 120,818 (14) | 44,127 (25) | 22,409 (14) | 23,034 (21) | < 0.0 |
| Esophageal variceal | 58,497 (5) | 44,658 (5) | 8252 (5) | 2768 (2) | 2819 (3) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, no.* (%) | 387,492 (30) | 235,909 (28) | 40,397 (23) | 72,344 (46) | 39,207 (36) | < 0.001 |
| Sepsis, no.* (%) | 173,226 (13) | 67,485 (8) | 61,675 (35) | 19,940 (13) | 24,126 (22) | < 0.001 |
| Infection, no.* (%) | 431,152 (33) | 228,951 (27) | 98,509 (56) | 51,171 (33) | 52,521 (48) | < 0.001 |
| RRT, no.* (%) | 99,455 (8) | 0 (0) | 14,177 (8) | 67,782 (43) | 17,496 (16) | < 0.001 |
| Years of admission, no.* (%) | ||||||
| 2007–2008 | 285,712 (22) | 204,940 (24) | 32,719 (19) | 32,372 (21) | 15,681 (14) | |
| 2009–2010 | 310,870 (24) | 207,980 (25) | 41,276 (23) | 36,884 (23) | 24,730 (22) | < 0.001 |
| 2011–2012 | 345,430 (27) | 221,531 (26) | 47,783 (27) | 43,455 (28) | 32,661 (30) | |
| 2013–2014 | 351,767 (27) | 214,742 (25) | 54,640 (31) | 44,889 (29) | 37,496 (34) | |
| Days of stay, m (95 CI) | 7.5 (7.4–7.5) | 6.3 (6.2–6.3) | 11.8 (11.8–11.9) | 6.9 (6.8–6.9) | 10.7 (10.6–10.8) | < 0.001 |
| Inpatient mortality, no (%) | 103,456 (8) | 34,225 (4) | 43,675 (25) | 9805 (6) | 15,751 (14) | < 0.001 |
AKI acute kidney injury, CKD chronic kidney disease, AKI on CKD acute kidney injury on chronic kidney disease, m weighted mean; 95 CI 95% confidence Interval, no. number, % weighted proportion, EtOH alcohol-related disease, HE hepatic encephalopathy, RRT renal replacement therapy
*
The sampled number