Table 2. Characteristics of included studies providing the bone mineral density (BMD) (n. 12).
| Authors, year | Country | Study design | Antidepressant | Sample Size | Age of patients (mean ± SD) | Age of controls (mean ± SD) | Gender (M:F) | BMD investigation bone site | BMD main group (g/cm2) | BMD controls group (g/cm2) | p | Follow-up (months) |
| Agarwal,2020 | USA | Cross sectional cohort study | SSRI SNRI TCA | 195 | 75,7 ± 5,2 | 76,5 ± 6,3 | N/A | lumbar spine | 0,998 ± 0,052** | 1,0148 ± 0,039** | <0,05 | N/A |
| femoral neck | 0,137 ± 0,039** | 0,1272 ± 0,027** | <0,05 | |||||||||
| radius | 0,7666 ± 0,078** | 0,8047 ± 0,066** | <0,05 | |||||||||
| Diem,2007 | USA | Cohort study | TCA | 2722 | 78,6 ± 3,3 | 78,4 ± 3,7 | N/A | total hip | 0,76 ± 0,13 | 0,76 ± 0,14 | 0,99 | 60 |
| SSRI | 0,74 ± 0,15 | 0,02 | ||||||||||
| Diem,2013 | USA | Prospective cohort study | SSRI | 1972 | 49,6 ± 4,5 | 49,7 ± 3,9 | N/A | lumbar spine | 1,07 ± 0,16 | 1,05 ± 0,15 | 0,07 | 12 |
| femoral neck | 0,86 ± 0,14 | 0,82 ± 0,13 | < 0,002 | |||||||||
| total hip | 0,99 ± 0,15 | 0,94 ± 0,14 | < 0,001 | |||||||||
| TCA | 49,7 ± 4,5 | lumbar spine | 1.06 ± 0,15 | N/A | 0.07 | |||||||
| femoral neck | 0.83 ± 0,13 | < 0,002 | ||||||||||
| total hip | 0.95 ± 0,14 | < 0,001 | ||||||||||
| Feuer,2015 | USA | Cross-sectional study | SSRI | 4303 | 16,1 ± 2,4 | 15,7 ± 2,4 | N/A | lumbar | 0,92 ± 0,02 | 0,95 ± 0,01 | 0,09 | 60 |
| total femur | 0,93 ± 0,02 | 0,99 ± 0,01 | 0,016 | |||||||||
| femoral neck | 0,86 ± 0,02 | 0,91 ± 0,0 | 0,045 | |||||||||
| Ham,2017 | Netherlands | Cohort study | SSRI | 10746 | 64,1 ± 8,7 (M) | N/A | 4915:5831 | N/A | 0.004* | N/A | 0.598 (M) | 204 |
| 65,8 ± 8,7 (W) | 0.002* | 0.209 (W) | ||||||||||
| TCA | 0.007* | 0.848 (M) | ||||||||||
| 0.005* | 0.427 (W) | |||||||||||
| Kinjo,2005 | Japan | Cross-sectional study | SSRI TCA | 14646 | 54,3 ± 15,2 | 48,1 ± 19,0 | N/A | 0,95 | 0,95 | N/A | N/A | |
| Mezuk,2008 | USA | Cohort study | SSRI TCA | 98 | 71,5 ± 6,6 | N/A | 22:66 | lumbar spine | 1,17 (M) | 1,21 (M) | N/A | N/A |
| 0,88 (F) | 1,12 (F) | |||||||||||
| Moura,2014 | Canada | Prospective cohort study | SSRI SNRI | 4011 | 63,65 ± 8 | 63,43 ± 7,9 | N/A | total hip | 0,86 ± 0,14 | 0,90 ± 0,15 | N/A | 120 |
| lumbar spine | 0,94 ± 0,17 | 0,96 ± 0,18 | ||||||||||
| femoral neck | 0,71 ± 0,12 | 0,73 ± 0,12 | ||||||||||
| Rauma,2016 | Finland | Cohort study | SSRI TCA Other | 1988 | 63,6 ± 2,9 | 63,7 ± 2,8 | N/A | N/A | 0,8842 ± 0,13 | 0,8805 ± 0,12 | 0,031 | 60 |
| Saraykar,2017 | USA | Cross-sectional retrospective study | SSRI | 140 | 78,1 ± 10,5 | 77,4 ± 9,8 | N/A | femoral neck | 0,776 ± 0,031 | 0,771 ± 0,13 | 0,92 | 56 |
| spine | 1,038 ± 0,051 | 1,099 ± 0,022 | 0,393 | |||||||||
| Williams,2008 | Australia | Community-based study | SSRI | 128 | 57,5 ± 5,1 | 51,0 ± 4,8 | N/A | lumbar spine | 1,181 ± 0,163 | 1,228 ± 0,161 | 0,18 | 60 |
| femoral neck | 0,897 ± 0,143 | 0,964 ± 0,151 | 0,05 | |||||||||
| ward's triangle | 0,780 ± 0,163 | 0,831 ± 0,161 | 0,15 | |||||||||
| trochanter | 0,789 ± 0,143 | 0,816 ± 0,132 | 0,35 | |||||||||
| total body | 1,176 ± 0,100 | 1,187 ± 0,086 | 0,57 | |||||||||
| distal forearm | 0,324 ± 0,053 | 0,336 ± 0,056 | 0,32 | |||||||||
| mid-forearm | 0,696 ± 0,081 | 0,733 ± 0,075 | 0,03 | |||||||||
| Williams,2018 | Australia | Cohort study | SSRI | 1138 | 68 ± 6,5 | 61 ± 7,7 | N/A | femoral neck | 0,93 ± 0,17 | 0,99 ± 0,15 | 0,03 | 3 |
F: female; M: male; N/A: Not available; SD: standard deviation; *: mean difference; ** volumetric bone mineral density (milligrams/cubic centimeters); SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; SNRI: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; TCA: tricyclic antidepressants.