Table 4.

Summary of the variables included in the univariable analysis to test for association with ELISA positive Q fever results.

Variables	Categories	Positive/tested	Prevalence % (95% CI)	Odds ratio	95% CI	p-value
Keeping animals together	Yes	51/216	23.61 (18.23–29.95)	0.82	0.53–1.96	0.389
	No	63/232	27.15 (21.64–33.44)	Ref
Acaricide use	Yes	69/363	19.00 (15.17–23.50)	Ref	2.91–7.93	< 0.001*
	No	45/85	52.94 (41.86–63.74)	4.79
Tick presence	Yes	70/179	39.10 (31.99–46.69)	3.28	2.12–5.13	< 0.001*
	No	44/269	16.35 (12.25–21.44)	Ref
Milk reduction during tick presence	Yes	83/336	24.70 (20.25–29.73)	0.85	0.53–1.40	0.531
	No	31/112	27.67 (19.84–37.06)	Ref
Abortion occurred last year on the farm	Yes	91/194	47.64 (39.76–54.17)	8.87	5.39–15.10	< 0.001*
	No	23/254	9.05 (5.94–13.44)	Ref
Quarantine facility	Yes	41/152	26.97 (20.25–34.87)	Ref	0.56–1.39	0.595
	No	73/296	24.66 (19.94–30.05)	0.886
Type of floor	Sandy	61/165	36.96 (29.69–44.86)	2.54	1.60–3.90	2.540
	Concreted	53/283	18.72 (14.45–23.87)	Ref
Presence of sheep and goats	Yes	97/333	29.12 (24.36–34.38)	2.36	1.37–4.29	0.002*
	No	17/115	14.78 (9.09–22.89)	Ref
Presence of breeding bull	Yes	24/72	33.33 (22.92–45.53)	1.58	0.91–2.71	0.095*
	No	90/376	23.93 (19.77–28.63)	Ref
General vaccination practices	Yes	12/40	30.00 (17.08–46.71)	Ref	0.38–1.64	0.489
	No	102/408	25.00 (20.93–29.54)	0.77
Separate parturition area	Yes	31/167	18.56 (13.13–25.47)	Ref	1.16–2.96	0.010*
	No	83/281	29.53 (24.34–35.30)	1.83
Animal tested	Cow	53/224	23.66 (18.36–29.87)	Ref	0.54–1.27	0.386
	Buffalo	61/224	27.23 (21.61–33.64)	0.83
Reproductive status of animal	Pregnant	49/162	30.24 (23.41–38.03)	1.47	0.95–2.27	0.080*
	Non-pregnant	65/286	22.72 (18.09–28.11)	Ref

Ref reference category.

Significant values are in bold.