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. 2022 Oct 14;13:6080. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33749-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a qRT-PCR assays for AHR or other identified targets in the liver biopsy samples from ALD patients (control: n = 8, ALD: n = 36). Data values in box-and-whisker plots indicate median (mid-line), boxes indicating the Q1 and Q3 ranges, and the whiskers as minimum and maximum values. b Correlations between CYP1A1 and PPP2R2D using the same data as in (a). Each point represents one sample (control: n = 8, ALD: n = 36). c Immunoblots of the newly-identified AhR targets or autophagy markers using the same human samples as in (a) (left) and their quantifications (right) (control: n = 8, ALD: n = 36). Data values in box-and-whisker plots indicate median (mid-line), boxes indicating the Q1 and Q3 ranges, and the whiskers as minimum and maximum values. d Representative immunohistochemical images of the newly-identified targets or autophagy markers in the liver specimens from ALD patients (left) (control: n = 5, ALD: n = 7) and their H-scores (right). Scale bar: 100 μm. e Correlations between CYP1A1 (or PPP2R2D) and autophagy markers using the same data as in (c). Each point represents one sample (control: n = 8, ALD: n = 36). f Linear regression analysis between histologic steatosis score (0–3) and expression level of AhR (RMSE = 0.544), CYP1A1 (RMSE = 0.981), PPP2R2D (RMSE = 0.932), or p-AMPKα (RMSE = 0.448) using the same data as in (a) or (c). The red line is the regression line, and the gray area between the black dotted lines indicates the 95% confidence intervals of the fit. Each point represents one sample (control: n = 8, ALD: n = 36). g Proposed scheme illustrating the mechanism by which alcohol overexpression of AhR dysregulates autophagy in hepatocytes. Values are expressed as means ± SEM. Significantly different compared to Control. Data were analyzed by two-tailed Student’s t-test (part of both a and c), two-tailed Mann–Whitney test (part of both a and c and d), two-tailed Pearson correlation (b, part of e, and f), or two-tailed Spearman correlation (part of e). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.