Table 2.
Crude rates of 30-day mortality, cardiac and neurologic complications, and healthcare use of patients with COVID-19 in Ontario
| Outcome |
Chinese patients |
South Asian patients |
General population of patients |
P |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 15,208 | N = 46,333 | N = 439,977 | Chinese vs general | South Asian vs general | |
| Death | 471 (3.1) | 394 (0.9) | 8280 (1.9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| All cardiac composite outcome | 145 (1.0) | 257 (0.6) | 3789 (0.9) | 0.227 | < 0.001 |
| AMI | 11 (0.1) | 29 (0.1) | 237 (0.1) | 0.337 | 0.445 |
| HF | 20 (0.1) | 52 (0.1) | 684 (0.2) | 0.46 | 0.023 |
| Arrhythmia—excluding atrial fibrillation and flutter | 43 (0.3) | 67 (0.1) | 919 (0.2) | 0.051 | 0.003 |
| Atrial fibrillation and flutter | 52 (0.3) | 54 (0.1) | 1174 (0.3) | 0.079 | < 0.001 |
| Myocarditis | 1– 5∗ | 1–5∗ | 12–16∗ | 0.56 | 0.609 |
| DVT/PE | 43 (0.3) | 82 (0.2) | 1183 (0.3) | 0.746 | < 0.001 |
| All neurological composite outcome | 66 (0.4) | 106 (0.2) | 1385 (0.3) | 0.01 | 0.001 |
| Stroke | 19 (0.1) | 29 (0.1) | 367 (0.1) | 0.084 | 0.135 |
| Ischemic stroke | 12 (0.1) | 20 (0.0) | 290 (0.1) | 0.541 | 0.065 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 7 (0.0) | 10 (0.0) | 85 (0.0) | 0.023 | 0.74 |
| Seizure | 4–8∗ | 6–10∗ | 165 (0.0) | 0.772 | 0.05 |
| Meningitis | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1–5∗ | 0.71 | 0.516 |
| Encephalitis | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1–5∗ | 0.853 | 0.746 |
| Encephalopathy | 33 (0.2) | 50 (0.1) | 712 (0.2) | 0.098 | 0.005 |
| Viral meningitis not specified elsewhere | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1–5∗ | 0.853 | 0.746 |
| GBS | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (0.0) | 0.577 | 0.33 |
| Inflammatory myositis/myalgia | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | n/a | n/a |
| Parkinson's Disease | 10 (0.1) | 20 (0.0) | 169 (0.0) | 0.095 | 0.621 |
| Health services | |||||
| Hospitalization or ED visit | 3126 (20.6) | 9086 (19.6) | 78,166 (17.8) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Hospitalization | 1404 (9.2) | 2288 (4.9) | 28,300 (6.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ED visit | 2019 (13.3) | 7430 (16.0) | 56,685 (12.9) | 0.156 | < 0.001 |
| ICU admission | 414 (2.7) | 613 (1.3) | 7315 (1.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ECMO | 6 (0.0) | 22 (0.0) | 139 (0.0) | 0.593 | 0.074 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 224 (1.5) | 358 (0.8) | 3908 (0.9) | < 0.001 | 0.011 |
Values are n (%), unless otherwise indicated.
AMI, acute myocardial infarction; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ED, emergency department; GBS, Guillain Barre syndrome; HF, heart failure; ICU, intensive care unit; n/a, not applicable; PE, pulmonary embolus.
∗
Small number of reported cases.