Table 4.

Applied HA hydrogels scaffolding technologies in the Neurodegenerative diseases.

Chemistry	Models	Scaffold Application	Biological Assessment	Properties Assessment	Biological Assay	Ref.
NorHA	3D	Matrix stiffness	OPCs oligodendrocyte progenitor cells	Swelling Rheological behavior	Cell viability Cell proliferation Mitochondrial Metabolic Activity ATP/DNA quantification Cell Morphological Analyses	[142]
liposome-HA	2D/3D	Inhibition of cell migration	Rat BMSCs Old male Wistar Han rats	Gel microstructure (SEM) Thermal properties Rheological behavior Protein quantification	Cell viability Cell-surface markers DNA quantification Rats health parameters Efficacy in EAE rats	[148]
HA-RGD HA-fibrinogen	3D	Injection of ​BMSCs ​into the ​CNS	Schwann cells	Swelling Degradation Gel microstructure (SEM) Mechanical compression	Cell proliferation Cell alignment and circularity ECM proteins expression DNA repair capacity	[149]
Gelatin-HA Gelatin-HA-polydopamine	3D	Nerve tissue engineering	Retinal progenitor cells	Gel microstructure (SEM) Swelling Rheological behavior Degradation Mechanical compression	Cell viability Inflammatory factors expression Apoptotic factors expression Adhesion factors expression Retinal neuronal differentiation	[150]
HA-microporous annealed particle (MAP)	3D	ECM-mimetic platform	NPCs neural progenitor cells	Rheological behavior	Ki67, DCX, NPCs, GFAP, Iba1 protein levels	[141]
HA	3D	Brain tissue repair after stroke	Neural stem cells hESC-NS obtained from H6 hESC line Adult male wild-type Wistar rats		Cell viability FluoroMyelin staining CAM, NESTIN, SOX2 and GFAP protein levels hPDGFRα, OPCs and hTUJ1 protein levels Cavity and glial scar analyses Behavioral analyses Inducing oligodendrocyte differentiation	[151]