Table 2.

How MNEs versus MNPs differ on common issues of social responsibility

Common areas of CSR research	Multinational enterprises (MNEs)	Multinational platforms (MNPs)
Sources of illegitimacy	Home-country identity Lack of institutional embeddedness	Disruptive business models Frictions between complementors and users
Home-country impact	Global arbitrage and outward transfer of irresponsible operations	Data storage and security concerns
Host-country impact	Donate to gain social licenses	New regulation imposed
Typical CSR behaviors	CSR disclosure Philanthropy	Socially responsible treatment of complementors and users, and elicit social responsibility of those actors
Role of the lead firm	Vouch for conformity in global supply chain	Establish global norm within its ecosystem