Table 3.

Three categories of social issues for MNPs

Categories of social issues	Examples
Ecosystem social impacts	Complementor mistreatment (Apple/UberEats); labor exploitation (DoorDash/Gojek); inappropriate content (Tumblr); user privacy (Facebook); censorship (WeChat); environmental footprint (SHEIN); algorithm transparency (TikTok)
Social dimensions of competitive context	Antitrust scrutiny (Google); industrial regulation (Airbnb); incumbent challenge (Uber/Ola); misinformation charge (Twitter), IP protection (Instagram); alternative job for complementors (Bolt); physical infrastructure (Amazon/Alibaba); input conditions (Microsoft Hackathon)
General societal issues	Democracy and division; cybersecurity; digital literacy and divide; disaster relief; energy consumption; poverty reduction; technology misuse