Table 1.
Characteristics of patients, physician prediction and outcomes
| Characteristics | No RRT (n = 572) | RRT (n = 77) | Overall (n = 649) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age—years (median [IQR]) | 64 [52, 73] | 64 [54, 72] | 64 [53, 73] | 0.83 |
| Female gender (%) | 177 (31) | 20 (26) | 198 (30.4) | 0.443 |
| BMI (median [IQR]) | 26.50 [23, 31] | 27 [24, 32] | 27 [23, 31] | 0.063 |
| CCI (median [IQR]) | 3 [2, 5] | 4 [3, 6] | 4 [2, 6] | 0.001 |
| Charlson score without age (median [IQR]) | 1 [0, 3] | 2 [1, 4] | 1 [0, 3] | < 0.001 |
| SOFA score-ICU admission (median [IQR]) | 4 [2, 7] | 7 [5, 12] | 4 [3, 8] | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidity (%) | ||||
| CKD | 56 (9.8) | 18 (23.4) | 74 (11.4) | 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 84 (14.7) | 15 (19.7) | 99 (15.3) | 0.33 |
| Myocardial infarction | 68 (11.9) | 9 (11.7) | 77 (11.9) | 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 137 (24) | 27 (35.1) | 164 (25.3) | 0.049 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 59 (11.2) | 13 (17.6) | 72 (12) | 0.163 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 102 (17.9) | 10 (13) | 112 (17.3) | 0.367 |
| Connective tissue disease | 15 (2.8) | 3 (4.1) | 18 (3.0) | 0.836 |
| Liver disease | 58 (10.1) | 16 (20.8) | 74 (11.4) | 0.01 |
| Hematological disease | 31 (5.4) | 8 (10.4) | 39 (6.0) | 0.142 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 23 (4.4) | 3 (4.1) | 26 (4.3) | 1 |
| AIDS | 14 (2.7) | 3 (4.1) | 17 (2.8) | 0.761 |
| ICU: reasons for admission (%) | 0.115 | |||
| Medical causes | 527 (92.3) | 71 (92.2) | 598 (92.3) | |
| Elective surgery | 27 (4.7) | 1 (1.3) | 28 (4.3) | |
| Emergency surgery | 17 (3) | 5 (6.5) | 22 (3.4) | |
| COVID-19 patients (%) | 212 (37.2) | 30 (39) | 242 (37.4) | 0.861 |
| Data’s at ICU admission (median [IQR]) | ||||
| Serum creatinine—µmol/l | 79 [61, 116] | 166 [85, 250] | 82 [63, 134] | < 0.001 |
| Urinary output—ml/kg/h | 0.8 [0.4, 1.3] | 0.5 [0.3, 1.1] | 0.7 [0.4, 1.3] | 0.002 |
| Fluid balance—ml/h | 0.0 [−34, 58] | 44 [0.0, 125] | 0.0 [−298, 66] | < 0.001 |
| Fluid balance—ml/kg/h | 0.1 [−0.6, 1.0] | 0.8 [0.3, 1.8] | 0.2 [−0.5, 1.1] | < 0.001 |
| Physician’s ICU experience | 0.018 | |||
| < 2 years | 116 (20.3) | 26 (33.8) | 142 (21.9) | |
| [2–5] years | 148 (25.9) | 13 (16.9) | 161 (24.8) | |
| [5–10] years | 168 (29.4) | 16 (20.8) | 184 (28.4) | |
| > 10 years | 140 (24.5) | 22 (28.6) | 162 (25) | |
| Physician’s ICU seniority | 0.535 | |||
| Fellows | 264 (46.2) | 39 (50.6) | 303 (46.7) | |
| Attendings | 308 (53.8) | 38 (49.4) | 346 (53.3) | |
| Prediction to need of RRT (median [IQR]) | 1 [0, 3] | 7 [4, 10] | 2 [0, 4] | < 0.001 |
| Outcomes at discharge | ||||
| Death during ICU stay (%) | 85 (14.9) | 48 (62.3) | 133 (20.5) | < 0.001 |
| Time from admission to death—days (median [IQR]) | 6 [2, 17.5] | 13 [5, 22] | 9 [3, 20] | 0.024 |
| ICU duration—days (median [IQR]) | 4 [2, 9] | 13 [5, 21] | 5 [2, 10] | < 0.001 |
| Serum creatinine at ICU discharge—µmol/l (median [IQR]) | 68 [52, 101] | 186 [107, 295] | 72 [53, 115] | < 0.001 |
| Urinary output at ICU discharge—ml (median [IQR]) | 1600 [1080, 2278] | 138 [0, 925] | 1457 [800, 2200] | < 0.001 |
BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, CKD chronic kidney disease, AIDS acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome, ICU intensive care units, RRT renal replacement therapy