Table 2.

Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for dyslipidemia according to quartiles of urinary metabolites of benzene and toluene among Korean adults (n = 3423)

	Hypercholesterolemia (≥ 240 mg/dL)		Hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 200 mg/dL)		Low level of HDL-C (< 40 mg/dL for males and < 50 mg/dL for females)		aHigh level of LDL-C (≥ 130 mg/dL)
	Unadjusted	Adjusted	Unadjusted	Adjusted	Unadjusted	Adjusted	Unadjusted	Adjusted
Urinary ttMA
Q1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Q2	1.269 (0.805–2.001)	1.194 (0.745–1.919)	1.610 (1.233–2.101)	1.433 (1.107–1.856)	1.093 (0.821–1.455)	1.047 (0.771–1.422)	0.827 (0.568–1.204)	0.774 (0.528–1.134)
Q3	0.857 (0.546–1.345)	0.867 (0.556–1.353)	1.547 (1.164–2.055)	1.397 (1.037–1.881)	0.852 (0.641–1.133)	0.813 (0.605–1.092)	0.692 (0.485–0.987)	0.681 (0.475–0.976)
Q4	0.886 (0.580–1.403)	0.878 (0.545–1.417)	1.750 (1.383–2.213)	1.599 (1.231–2.077)	1.035 (0.758–1.414)	1.069 (0.771–1.482)	0.637 (0.439–0.925)	0.654 (0.446–0.961)
p for trend	0.158	0.215	0.055	0.087	0.676	0.953	0.017	0.053
Urinary BMA
Q1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Q2	1.025 (0.654–1.607)	1.013 (0.657–1.561)	1.128 (0.857–1.484)	1.486 (1.105–1.998)	1.065 (0.796–1.425)	0.906 (0.678–1.212)	0.841 (0.612–1.155)	0.806 (0.581–1.119)
Q3	0.817 (0.499–1.336)	0.753 (0.460–1.230)	1.195 (0.891–1.604)	1.579 (1.129–2.208)	1.124 (0.835–1.514)	0.780 (0.589–1.033)	0.736 (0.516–1.050)	0.619 (0.430–0.889)
Q4	0.809 (0.490–1.334)	0.770 (0.459–1.294)	0.989 (0.722–1.353)	1.338 (0.946–1.894)	1.258 (0.962–1.646)	0.812 (0.623–1.058)	0.785 (0.533–1.154)	0.668 (0.440–1.015)
p for trend	0.241	0.192	0.559	0.821	0.088	0.180	0.398	0.109
aParticipants with TG levels > 400 mg/dL were excluded from LDL-C analysis (n = 3230). Adjusted model was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education level, marital status, household income level, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise. ttMA, trans,trans-muconic acid; BMA, benzylmercapturic acid; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; TG: triglyceride