Table 2.
Risk factors of untreated hypertension among women married as adults and as children
| Variable | Crude odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Married as adult (n = 12,746) |
Married as child (n = 9,394) |
P-value | Married as adult (n = 12,746) |
Married as child (n = 9,394) |
P-value | |
| Age (yr) | ||||||
| 20–22 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| 23–25 | 1.234 (0.998–1.525) | 1.045 (0.791–1.380) | 0.357 | 1.261* (1.014–1.568) | 1.095 (0.843–1.421) | 0.512 |
| 26–28 | 1.490*** (1.205–1.843) | 1.289* (1.008–1.649) | 0.381 | 1.536*** (1.218–1.938) | 1.290 (0.978–1.701) | 0.471 |
| 29–31 | 1.476*** (1.206–1.807) | 1.657*** (1.281–2.142) | 0.492 | 1.497*** (1.184–1.893) | 1.664*** (1.248–2.219) | 0.392 |
| 32–34 | 1.797*** (1.465–2.204) | 1.577*** (1.239–2.006) | 0.410 | 1.793*** (1.396–2.304) | 1.566** (1.155–2.124) | 0.527 |
| Education | ||||||
| No education | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Primary | 0.87 (0.699–1.083) | 0.895 (0.745–1.074) | 0.844 | 0.888 (0.712–1.109) | 0.904 (0.751–1.089) | 0.912 |
| Secondary | 0.701*** (0.601–0.818) | 0.843* (0.722–0.985) | 0.981 | 0.733*** (0.612–0.878) | 0.877 (0.736–1.047) | 0.155 |
| Higher | 0.645*** (0.532–0.782) | 0.434* (0.222–0.850) | 0.267 | 0.658*** (0.519–0.833) | 0.471* (0.259–0.854) | 0.286 |
| Relation to household head | ||||||
| Head | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Wife | 1.714*** (1.265–2.323) | 1.370* (1.039–1.805) | 0.264 | 1.857*** (1.360–2.535) | 1.486** (1.117–1.977) | 0.291 |
| Daughter | 1.16 (0.817–1.647) | 0.778 (0.528–1.144) | 0.126 | 1.494* (1.027–2.172) | 1.052 (0.673–1.644) | 0.189 |
| Daughter-in-law | 1.454* (1.070–1.974) | 1.143 (0.855–1.528) | 0.247 | 1.800*** (1.279–2.534) | 1.516* (1.052–2.184) | 0.470 |
| Other | 1.434 (0.994–2.070) | 1.016 (0.660–1.564) | 0.218 | 1.781** (1.186–2.675) | 1.329 (0.789–2.239) | 0.319 |
| Parity | ||||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1–2 | 0.921 (0.780–1.087) | 0.637* (0.424–0.958) | 0.098 | 0.715*** (0.586–0.872) | 0.572* (0.364–0.899) | 0.341 |
| 3–4 | 1.053 (0.863–1.286) | 0.651* (0.434–0.974) | 0.036 | 0.665** (0.513–0.863) | 0.517** (0.323–0.828) | 0.351 |
| 5 + | 1.132 (0.688–1.861) | 0.719 (0.468–1.106) | 0.172 | 0.627 (0.374–1.050) | 0.535* (0.313–0.914) | 0.767 |
| Pregnant | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.514*** (0.421–0.628) | 0.364*** | 0.058 | 0.508** (0.411–0.627) | 0.388** (0.279–0.539) | 0.173 |
| Lactating | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.862* (0.766–0.970) | 0.848* (0.728–0.989) | 0.870 | 0.925 (0.801–1.068) | 1.016 (0.849–1.215) | 0.421 |
| Household size | ||||||
| 3 or less | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| 4–5 | 0.961 (0.802–1.151) | 0.847 (0.659–1.087) | 0.429 | 0.906 (0.749–1.096) | 0.806 (0.626–1.038) | 0.415 |
| 6–8 | 0.934 (0.772–1.130) | 0.797 (0.612–1.039) | 0.343 | 0.954 (0.760–1.198) | 0.775 (0.572–1.049) | 0.250 |
| 9 + | 0.860 (0.695–1.064) | 0.666* (0.480–0.925) | 0.197 | 0.899 (0.696–1.162) | 0.670 (0.427–1.053) | 0.223 |
| Wealth index quintiles | ||||||
| Poorest | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Poorer | 0.828 (0.680–1.008) | 0.87 (0.726–1.043) | 0.710 | 0.880 (0.714–1.084) | 0.876 (0.724–1.059) | 0.871 |
| Middle | 0.763** (0.630–0.925) | 0.864 (0.710–1.050) | 0.363 | 0.820 (0.661–1.017) | 0.888 (0.714–1.105) | 0.626 |
| Richer | 0.782* (0.644–0.949) | 0.945 (0.743–1.202) | 0.212 | 0.819 (0.648–1.036) | 1.015 (0.793–1.298) | 0.280 |
| Richest | 0.773** (0.636–0.938) | 0.78 (0.579–1.049) | 0.960 | 0.766* (0.593–0.991) | 0.876 (0.647–1.187) | 0.585 |
| Religion | ||||||
| Hindu | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Muslim | 1.084 (0.926–1.270) | 1.08 (0.899–1.297) | 0.976 | 1.072 (0.900–1.276) | 1.134 (0.922–1.394) | 0.724 |
| Christian | 0.755 (0.547–1.043) | 1.225 (0.724–2.074) | 0.145 | 0.688* (0.487–0.974) | 1.119 (0.641–1.952) | 0.117 |
| Sikh | 1.791*** (1.372–2.339) | 1.301 (0.812–2.084) | 0.255 | 1.918*** (1.434–2.566) | 1.305 (0.791–2.155) | 0.166 |
| Buddhist | 0.69 (0.332–1.433) | 0.793 (0.307–2.046) | 0.820 | 0.651 (0.300–1.411) | 0.889 (0.338–2.338) | 0.646 |
| Other | 1.913 (0.857–4.269) | 2.449 (0.947–6.337) | 0.703 | 1.673 (0.734–3.813) | 2.192 (0.797–6.029) | 0.732 |
| Caste | ||||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Scheduled caste | 0.877 (0.733–1.049) | 0.829 (0.661–1.039) | 0.695 | 0.889 (0.732–1.081) | 0.831 (0.646–1.068) | 0.729 |
| Scheduled tribe | 1.445*** (1.188–1.756) | 1.251 (0.995–1.574) | 0.340 | 1.465*** (1.174–1.829) | 1.199 (0.928–1.550) | 0.214 |
| Other backward class | 0.857* (0.737–0.997) | 0.894 (0.746–1.072) | 0.721 | 0.881 (0.754–1.030) | 0.919 (0.761–1.111) | 0.848 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Rural | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Urban | 1.054 (0.923–1.203) | 0.885 (0.716–1.093) | 0.153 | 1.157 (0.991–1.352) | 0.864 (0.701–1.064) | 0.031 |
Estimates were obtained using complex survey weights; the P-values are indicative of whether the odds ratios across the two groups are statistically different
*P < 0.05
**P < 0.01
***P < 0.001