Table 2.
Intention to treat analysis of maternal descriptive, pregnancy and delivery outcomes by Intervention and BMI Group.
| Characteristics | NW | OWOB | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise (n = 72) | Control (n = 26) | p value | Exercise (n = 59) | Control (n = 35) | p value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (year) | 30.8 (4.1) | 30.1 (3.5) | 0.85 | 30.2 (3.7) | 28.8 (4.5) † | 0.38 |
| Parity | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | 0.30 | 2.5 (1.0, 4.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 0.77 |
| NH black (%) | 9.2 | 11.5 | 0.66 | 16.1 | 36.4 | 0.01** |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg m−2) | 22.1 (1.7) | 22.1 (1.4) | 1.00 | 28.9 (3.6) †† | 30.4 (4.4) ‡ | 0.09 |
| Aerobic capacity (VO2peak) | 25.2 (4.5) | 23.6 (4.0) | 0.37 | 21.3 (4.1) †† | 20.0 (3.4) ††, ¥ | 0.56 |
| Exercise level (MET∙min∙week−1) | 693.8 (249.0) | 359.4 (157.9) | < 0.001 | 589.7 (309.1) §§, ¥¥ | 236.1 (169.0) †† | < 0.001 |
| Pregnancy outcomes | ||||||
| Gestational weight gain (lbs.) | 31.9 (8.63 | 31.8 (11.0) | 1.00 | 33.2 (15.0) | 28.8 (13.5) | 0.30 |
| GDM (%) | 2.8 | 8.0 | 0.59 | 5.1 | 2.9 | 0.33 |
| Delivery outcomes | ||||||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39.4 (34.0, 41.9) | 35.5 (34.0, 41.3) | 0.86 | 38.5 (24.0, 41.4) § | 39.2 (32.9, 41.3) | 0.44 |
| Preterm (%) | 5.6 | 15.4 | 0.43 | 15.3 | 8.6 | 1.00 |
| Cesarean birth (%) | 11.1 | 23.1 | 0.21 | 27.1§ | 14.3 | 0.53 |
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.4 (0.4) | 3.3 (0.5) | 0.37 | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.7) | 0.99 |
| Macrosomic (%) | 11.1 | 7.7 | 0.61 | 16.9 | 20 | 0.89 |
Means (SD), medians (range) and proportions are reported and Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests and Fisher’s Exact tests were performed, respectively. NH non-Hispanic. Within BMI class comparison *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, p < 0.001; §§p = 0.06 relative to NW Exercise group; §p < 0.05 relative to NW Exercise group; †p = 0.01 relative to NW Exercise group; ††p < 0.001 relative to NW Exercise group. ‡p < 0.001 within BMI and between NW BMI groups; ¥p < 0.01 relative to NW Control group; ¥¥p < 0.001 relative to NW Control group.
Significant values are in [bold].