Table 3.
Per Protocol analysis of Maternal Descriptive, Pregnancy and Delivery Outcomes by Intervention and BMI Group.
| Characteristics | NW | OWOB | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise (n = 51) | Control (n = 26) | p value | Exercise (n = 31) | Control (n = 35) | p value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (year) | 31.4 (3.7) | 30.1 (3.5) | 0.14 | 30.6 (3.2) | 28.8 (4.5) † | 0.06 |
| Parity | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | 0.30 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 0.22 |
| NH black (%) | 6.7 | 11.5 | 0.66 | 6.9 | 36.4 | 0.01** |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg m−2) | 22.3 (1.7) | 22.1 (1.4) | 0.65 | 28.5 (2.6) ‡ | 30.4 (4.4) ‡ | 0.03* |
| Aerobic capacity (VO2peak) | 26.1 (4.2) | 23.6 (4.0) | 0.01** | 22.0 (4.1) | 20.0 (3.4) ††, ¥ | 0.045* |
| Exercise level (MET∙min∙week−1) | 773.6 (29.2) | 359.4 (39.3) | < 0.001 | 748.1 (38.6) ¥¥ | 236.1 (33.9) †† | < 0.001 |
| Pregnancy outcomes | ||||||
| Gestational weight gain (lbs.) | 31.9 (8.6) | 31.8 (11.0) | 0.97 | 34.2 (14.8) | 28.8 (13.5) | 0.12 |
| GDM (%) | 3.9 | 8.0 | 0.59 | 9.7 | 2.9 | 0.33 |
| Delivery outcomes | ||||||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 40.8 (34.0, 41.9) | 35.5 (34.0, 41.3) | 0.33 | 39.1 (34.0, 41.4) | 39.2 (32.9, 41.3) | 0.83 |
| Preterm (%) | 7.8 | 15.4 | 0.43 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 1.00 |
| Cesarean birth (%) | 11.8 | 23.1 | 0.21 | 22.6 | 14.3 | 0.53 |
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.4 (0.4) | 3.3 (0.5) | 0.37 | 3.4 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.7) | 0.99 |
| Macrosomic (%) | 5.9 | 7.7 | 0.65 | 6.5 | 20% | 0.61 |
Means (SD), medians (range) and proportions are reported and Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests and Fisher’s Exact tests were performed, respectively. NH non-Hispanic, BMI body mass index, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus. Within BMI class comparison *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, p < 0.001; †p = 0.01 relative to NW Exercise group; † p < 0.001 relative to NW Exercise group. ‡p < 0.001 within BMI and between NW BMI groups; ¥p < 0.01 relative to NW Control group; ¥¥p < 0.001 relative to NW Control group.
Significant values are in [bold].