Table 3.
Selected heterologous booster studies on mix and match approach
| A | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COV-BOOST Trial—Munro et al., 2021 (UK) [165] | |||||||
| Primary doses | N = 2557 | anti-spike IgG, ELU/mL | Pseudovirus neutralizing antibody (GMT) Delta NT50 | Live virus neutralizing antibody NT80 | Cellular response WT | Cellular response, Delta | |
| ChAd/ChAd | – | 93 | 801 | 20.0 | 146 | 48.1 | 38.1 |
| ChAd/ChAd | ChAd | 100 | 2457 | 48.9 | 346 | 53.0 | 44.9 |
| ChAd/ChAd | NVX | 96 | 6975 | 124 | 837 | 113.7 | 117.9 |
| ChAd/ChAd | NVX (half) | 97 | 4634 | 87.2 | 713 | 98.4 | 86.3 |
| ChAd/ChAd | – | 93 | 763 | 20.4 | 174 | 42.6 | 42.2 |
| ChAd/ChAd | BNT | 95 | 20,517 | 315 | 4899 | 115.5 | 123.2 |
| ChAd/ChAd | VLA | 95 | 1835 | 35.2 | 354 | 52.2 | 123.2 |
| ChAd/ChAd | VLA (half) | 107 | 1430 | 31.1 | 301 | 55.5 | 54.7 |
| ChAd/ChAd | Ad26 | 101 | 5517 | 125 | 1053 | 106.0 | 102.1 |
| ChAd/ChAd | – | 102 | 852 | 18.6 | 152 | 39.5 | 35.2 |
| ChAd/ChAd | BNT (half) | 105 | 16,045 | 321.3 | 2501 | 135.9 | 139.1 |
| ChAd/ChAd | mRNA | 98 | 31,111 | 559.7 | 5421 | 148.9 | 152.1 |
| ChAd/ChAd | CVnCoV | 105 | 3996 | 64.5 | 774 | 47.8 | 45.5 |
| BNT/BNT | - | 111 | 2541 | 37.9 | 531 | 34.5 | 35.7 |
| BNT/BNT | ChAd | 98 | 13,424 | 260 | 2614 | 95.8 | 108.0 |
| BNT/BNT | NVX | 103 | 10,862 | 165 | 1454 | 56.6 | 56.9 |
| BNT/BNT | NVX | 99 | 8550 | 131 | 1792 | 35.3 | 41.6 |
| BNT/BNT | – | 97 | 3197 | 56.5 | 756 | 29.4 | 28.2 |
| BNT/BNT | BNT | 96 | 27,242 | 392 | 4603 | 83.8 | 82.1 |
| BNT/BNT | VLA | 99 | 4204 | 67.1 | 836 | 33.5 | 29.6 |
| BNT/BNT | VLA (half) | 98 | 3721 | 54.7 | 555 | 38.1 | 39.2 |
| BNT/BNT | Ad26 | 89 | 17,079 | 418 | 3535 | 111.0 | 121.5 |
| BNT/BNT | – | 100 | 3029 | 41.6 | 469 | 22.0 | 25.9 |
| BNT/BNT | BNT (half) | 94 | 23,082 | 352.6 | 3263 | 78.4 | 93.0 |
| BNT/BNT | mRNA | 92 | 33,768 | 508.7 | 5354 | 112.0 | 118.3 |
| BNT/BNT | CVnCoV | 94 | 7613 | 119.1 | 1960 | 46.7 | 52.2 |
| B | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MixNMatch Trial—Atmar et al., 2022 (US) [167] | ||||||
| Primary doses | N = 458 | IgG serum binding antibody titer (GMT) | Th1 CD4 + T cell, Median % | Th2 CD4 + T cell, Median % | Th1 CD8 + T cell, Median % | |
| BNT/BNT | BNT | 50 | 3164 | 0.11 > > 0.21 | 0.00 > > 0.02 | 0.03 > > 0.11 |
| BNT/BNT | mRNA | 51 | 5231 | 0.14 > > 0.32 | 0.00 > > 0.01 | 0.02 > > 0.08 |
| BNT/BNT | Ad26 | 53 | 2600 | 0.11 > > 0.18 | 0.00 > > 0.00 | 0.06 > > 0.13 |
| mRNA/mRNA | BNT | 50 | 5273 | 0.26 > > 0.33 | 0.01 > > 0.03 | 0.02 > > 0.08 |
| mRNA/mRNA | mRNA | 51 | 6224 | 0.24 > > 0.48 | 0.00 > > 0.03 | 0.02 > > 0.06 |
| mRNA/mRNA | Ad26 | 53 | 4560 | 0.34 > > 0.39 | 0.03 > > 0.02 | 0.03 > > 0.11 |
| Ad26 | BNT | 51 | 2277 | 0.06 > > 0.21 | 0.00 > > 0.01 | 0.17 > > 0.83 |
| Ad26 | mRNA | 49 | 2986 | 0.13 > > 0.26 | 0.00 > > 0.00 | 0.32 > > 0.66 |
| Ad26 | Ad26 | 50 | 369 | 0.10 > > 0.09 | 0.00 > > 0.00 | 0.19 > > 0.15 |
| * Day 29 | * Day 1 > > Day 15 after booster | |||||
| C | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costa Clemens et al., 2022 (Brazil) [166] | ||||
| Primary doses | N = 1240 | Anti-spike igG | Pseudovirus neutralisation titres (GMR) | |
| CoronaVac/CoronaVac | Ad26 | 294 | 6.7 | 8.7 |
| CoronaVac/CoronaVac | BNT | 333 | 13.4 | 21.5 |
| CoronaVac/CoronaVac | ChAd | 296 | 7.0 | 10.6 |
| CoronaVac/CoronaVac | CoronaVac | 281 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
BNT: BNT162b2; mRNA: mRNA-1273; ChAdOx1: ChAd; Ad26: Ad26.COV2.S; NVX: NVX-CoV2373; VLA: VLA2001; –: control (3 control groups in total in the trial)
* Calculate as spots per 1 M PBMC