Schematic diagram of expression of OsHTRP1 and OsDHSRP1 under high-temperature stress in rice. Under heat stress, the expression of OsHIRP1 and OsDHSRP1 increases significantly. OsARK4 and OsHRK1 are ubiquitinated by OsHIRP1 E3 ligase, and each is degraded by the Ub/26S proteasome system. OsHIRP1 promotes the expression of some heat stress-inducible genes (HsfA3, Hsp17.3, Hsp18.2, and Hsp20) under heat stress. OsDHSRP1 E3 ligase ubiquitinates OsGLYI-11.2, which is degraded by the Ub/26S proteasome system. The degradation of the OsGLYI-11.2 protein maintains a lower acetaldehyde level, thus increasing methylglyoxal and ROS contents in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing OsDHSRP1.