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The mechanisms of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-mediated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. GA upregulates IRS-2, PDX-1, and GLK expressions to protect β-cells and increase insulin secretion. GLUT2: Glucose transporter 2; GLK: Glucokinase; IRS-2: Insulin receptor substrate 2; PDX-1: Pancreas duodenum homeobox-1.
