Figure 2.

Proposed model. The kidneys are possible targets of acute (ischemia-reperfusion injury, nephrotoxic agents) or chronic (diabetes, hypertension) insults. Renal O-GlcNacylation is associated with different outcomes in these conditions: acute increases in O-GlcNAcylation are associated with stress response, decreased apoptosis, and oxidative stress, reducing renal damage; chronic increases in renal O-GlcNAcylation observed in diabetes and hypertension are associated with mesangial expansion, proteinuria, and renal fibrosis, inducing the progression of renal diseases.