The inhibitory effect of evogliptin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine secretion from Kupffer cells. (A) Primary Kupffer cells (KC) were pretreated with LPS for 2 h and then treated with evogliptin. After 24 h, the media was collected and measured using ELISA. The data are the mean ± SEM of three independent measurements. ** p < 0.01 relative to the control, ##
p < 0.01 relative to LPS. (B) Representative real-time RT-PCR analysis of the expression levels of iNOS, IL1β, IL6, and TNFα in primary hepatocytes treated with conditioned media (CM) from LPS-treated primary KC. The data are the mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01 relative to the control, ##
p < 0.01 relative to LPS. (C) Representative real-time RT-PCR analysis of the expression levels of αSMA and collagen in primary hepatocytes treated with CM from LPS-treated primary hepatic stellate cells. Data are the mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01 relative to the control, #
p < 0.05, ##
p < 0.01 relative to LPS.