The inhibitory effect of evogliptin on LPS-induced cytokine levels in hepatocytes. Primary hepatocytes were pretreated with LPS for 2 h and then treated with evogliptin for 24 h. (A) Representative real-time RT-PCR analysis of the expression levels of iNOS, IL1α, IL1β, IL6, and TNFα. Data are the mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01 relative to the control, ##
p < 0.01 relative to the LPS. (B) The production of iNOS and the secretion of IL1β and TNFα were measured using ELISA. Data are the mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01 relative to the control, #
p < 0.05, ##
p < 0.01 relative to LPS. (C) TGF-β mRNA was measured by real-time RT-PCR, and TGF-β secretion was measured by ELISA. Data are the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 relative to the control, ##
p < 0.01 relative to LPS.