. 2022 Sep 28;23(19):11423. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911423

Table 5.

Summary of studies on the expression of postsynaptic density proteins in rat models of depression and/or after antidepressants.

Postsynaptic Proteins	Species/Strain	Model/Treatment	Brain Region	Methods	Findings	Authors’ Names
Postsynaptic density protein 95
PSD-95	Sprague Dawley male rats	CUS—28 days Ifenprodil 3.0 mg/kg i,p. (IFE) 30 min before analysis	Medial prefrontal cortex	Western blot	↓PSD-95 protein after CUS ↑PSD-95 protein after CUS+ IFE	Li et al. [145]
	Sprague Dawley male rats	CUMS—35 days sodium hydrosulfide 11.2 mg/kg i,p. (NaHS) before behavioral test	Hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 region) Dentate gyrus	Western blot	↓PSD-95 protein after CUMS in all regions ↑PSD-95 protein after CUMS+ NaHS in all regions	Hou et al. [162]
	Sprague Dawley male rats	CUS—21 days	Hypothalamus	Western blot qPCR	↑PSD-95 protein after CUS ↑Dlg4 mRNA after CUS	Li et al. [161]
	Sprague Dawley male rats	CX717 20 mg/kg i,p. 24 h after the pretest	Medial prefrontal cortex	Western blot	↑PSD-95 protein after CX717 (only 2 h after administration)	Gordillo-Salas et al. [174]
	Sprague Dawley male rats	CUMS—28 days S-Ketamine 20 mg/kg i,p. (S-KET) once a day for 7 days NSC23766 50 μg i.c.v once a day for 7 days	Hippocampus	Western blot	↓PSD-95 protein after CUMS ↑PSD-95 protein after CUMS+ S-KET ↑PSD-95 protein after CUMS+ NSC23766 + S-KET ↑PSD-95 protein after CUMS+ NSC23766	Zhu et al. [156]
	Sprague Dawley male rats	Conditioned stimulus; white noise of 95 dB + unconditioned stimulus (CS-US); foot-shock 0,6 mA: 3/6/10 CS-US pairings) Ketamine 10 mg/kg i,p. (KET) 24h before analysis Fluoxetine 10 mg/kg i,p. (FLU) for 28 days	Amygdala (AMY) Prefrontal cortex (PFC)	Western blot	↑PSD-95 protein after 3 CS-US in AMY ↔PSD-95 protein after 6 CS-US in AMY ↑PSD-95 protein after 10 CS-US in AMY ↔PSD-95 protein after 10 CS-US+ KET in AMY ↔PSD-95 protein after 10 CS-US+ FLU in AMY ↓PSD-95 protein after 3 CS-US in PFC ↓PSD-95 protein after 6 CS-US in PFC ↓PSD-95 protein after 10 CS-US in PFC ↑PSD-95 protein after 10 CS-US+ KET in PFC ↔PSD-95 protein after 10 CS-US + FLU in PFC	Lee et al. [157]
	Sprague Dawley male rats	CUMS—28 days YY-21 10 mg/kg i.g. once a day for 3 weeks after CUMS Fluoxetine 10 mg/kg i,p. (FLU) once a day for 3 weeks after CUMS	Medial prefrontal cortex	Western blot	↓PSD-95 protein after CUMS ↑PSD-95 protein after CUMS+ YY-21 ↔PSD-95 protein after CUMS+ FLU	Guo et al. [150]
	Sprague Dawley male rats	Zinc hydroaspartate 5 mg/kg i,p. (Zn) 30 min, 3 h and 24 h before decapitation	Prefrontal cortex	Western blot	↔PSD95 protein 30min after Zn treatment ↑PSD95 protein level 3 h after Zn treatment ↔PSD95 protein level 24h after Zn treatment	Szewczyk et al. [159]
	Wistar male rats	Chronic mild stress—7 weeks (CMS) Lurasidone (LUR) 1mL/kg p.o. for 5 weeks	Prefrontal cortex	qPCR	↓Dlg4 mRNA after CMS (stress-reactive group) ↑Dlg4mRNA after CMS+ LUR	Luoni et al. [175]
PSD-95	Sprague Dawley male rats	CUMS—42 days Saikosaponin D: high-dose 1.5 mg/kg/d p.o. (SSDH); low-dose 0.75 mg/kg/d p.o. (SSDL) for 3 weeks Fluoxetine 2.0 mg/kg/d p.o. (FLU) for 3 weeks	Hippocampus	Western blot Immunohistochemistry qPCR	↓PSD-95 protein after CUMS ↑PSD95 protein CUMS+ FLU ↑PSD95 protein CUMS+ SDDH ↔PSD95 protein CUMS+ SDDL ↓PSD-95 protein after CUMS ↑PSD95 protein CUMS+ FLU ↑PSD95 protein CUMS+ SDDH ↔PSD95 protein CUMS+ SDDL ↓Dlg4 mRNA after CUMS ↑Dlg4 mRNA after CUMS+ FLU ↑Dlg4 mRNA after CUMS+ SDDH ↑Dlg4 mRNA after CUMS+ SDDL	Liu et al. [163]
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
CaMKII p-T286-CaMKII p-T286-CaMKII α p-T286-CaMKII β	Sprague Dawley male rats	CUMS—30 days GXDSF (Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and the oil extract of Dalbergiae odoriferae Lignum) 1-fold (L); 2-fold (M); 4-fold (H) i.g. once a day for 43 days	Hippocampus	Western blot	↔CaMKII protein after CUMS ↔CaMKII protein after CUMS+ GXDSF in all groups ↑p-CaMKII protein after CUMS ↓p-CaMKII protein after CUMS+ GXDSF in all groups ↑p-CaMKIIα protein after CUMS ↓p-CaMKIIα protein after CUMS+ GXDSF in all groups ↑p-CaMKIIβ protein after CUMS ↓ p-CaMKIIβ protein after CUMS+ GXDSF in all groups	Xie et al. [176]
CaMKIIγ CaMKII β	Dark Agouti male rats	Venlafaxine (VLX) 40 mg/kg s.c. (osmotic minipumps) each day for 21 days	Frontal cortex	qPCR	↑Camk2g mRNA after VLX ↑Camk2b mRNA after VLX	Tamási et al. [152]
Homer scaffold protein 1
Homer 1	Wistar male rats	CMS (8 weeks): (1) Anhedonic-like: >30% within-subject decrease in sucrose intake, (2) Stress-resilient: <10% within-subject decrease in sucrose intake.	Prefrontal cortex	Western blot	↑Homer1 protein in resilient group compared to anhedonic	Palmfeldt et al. [177]
Homer 1	Sprague Dawley male rats	CRS—14 days Fasudil 10 mg/kg i,p. (FAS) for 18 days from the 5th day of CRS	Hippocampus (synaptoneurosomes)	Western blot	↔Homer1 protein after CRS ↔Homer1 protein after CRS+ FAS	Román-Albasini et al. [148]
Homer 1	Sprague Dawley male rats	CUMS—42 days Saikosaponin D: high-dose 1.5 mg/kg/d p.o. (SSDH); low-dose 0.75 mg/kg/d p.o. (SSDL) for 3 weeks Fluoxetine 2.0 mg/kg/d p.o. (FLU) for 3 weeks	Hippocampus	Western blot Immunohistochemistry qPCR	↑Homer1b/c protein after CUMS ↓Homer-1b/c protein after CUMS+ FLU ↓Homer1b/c protein after CUMS+ SSDH ↓Homer1b/c protein after CUMS+ SSDL ↑Homer1b/c protein after CUMS ↓Homer1b/c protein after CUMS+ FLU ↓Homer1b/c protein after CUMS+ SSDH ↓Homer1b/c protein after CUMS+ SSDL ↑Homer1 mRNA after CUMS ↓Homer1 mRNA after CUMS+ FLU ↓Homer1 mRNA after CUMS+ SDDH ↓Homer1 mRNA after CUMS+ SDDL	Liu et al. [163]
Nitric oxide synthases
nNOS iNOS eNOS	Wistar male rats	L-arginine 750 mg/kg (AR) (causes a depressive state) Fluoxetine 10 mg/kg i,p. (FLU) Milnacipran 30 mg/kg i,p. (MIL) Mirtazapine 10 mg/kg i,p. (MIR)	Cerebellum (CER) Frontal cortex (FC) Midbrain (MID) Olfactory bulb (OB) Pons Striatum Temporal cortex (TC) Thalamus (TH) Hippocampus (HP)	qPCR	↔Nos1 mRNA after AR ↔Nos1 mRNA after AR+ FLU, AR+MIL, AR+MIR—all brain regions ↑Nos2 mRNA after AR—CER, FC, MID, OB, pons, striatum, TC, TH ↔Nos2 mRNA after AR—HP ↔Nos2 mRNA after AR+ FLU, AR+MIL, AR+MIR—all brain regions ↔Nos3 mRNA after AR ↑Nos3 mRNA after AR+ FLU—CER, Hp, midbrain, pons, striatum, thalamus, FC ↔Nos3 mRNA after AR+ FLU—OB, TC; after AR+ MIL and AR+ MIR—all brain regions	Yoshino et al. [178]
nNOS	Sprague Dawley male rats	CUS—28 days Memantine 10 mg/kg/day i,p. (MEM) 45 min before the application of the stressor, for 28 days	Hippocampus	Western blot	↑nNOS protein after CUS ↓nNOS protein after CUS + MEM	Mishra et al. [179]

Abbreviations: CX717—2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-yl(morpholin-4-yl)methanone; low-impact ampakine; NSC23766—(N6-[2-(4-Diethylamino-1-methyl-butylamino)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methyl-quinoline-4,6-diamine), Rac1 inhibitor; YY-21—novel furostan skeleton secondary timosaponin obtained from timosaponin B-III via hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid; qPCR—quantitative polymerase chain reaction.