Figure 6.

Acute METH exposure induces expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the mid-brain. Pro-inflammatory, chemokine, and glial cell markers expression in the brain. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6), chemokines (Cxcl1, Ccl2, and Cxcl5), and glial cell markers (GFAP, Iba-1, and S100b) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in brain samples for sham- and METH-treated mice. Values are folding increase ± standard error of the mean (SEM) concerning the mean of controls, *** p < 0.005, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05.