Table 3.
The effect of ZnO and FRSM extract on protein expressions of chemokines in co-cultured Caco-2/HT29-MTX.
| Experimental Treatments | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemokine Type | Protein Name | Control (%) | LPS (%) |
ZnO (%) |
FRSM (%) |
ZnO + LPS (%) | FRSM + LPS (%) |
SEM |
| CXC | IL-8 | 100 a | 161.3 b ± 28.3 | 108.9 a ± 35.2 | 98.4 a ± 26.1 | 111.7 a ± 24.6 | 102.6 a ± 25.5 | 9.9 |
| MIG | 100 a | 132.2 b ± 36.9 | 110.7 a ± 32.0 | 102.6 a ± 28.2 | 114.4 a ± 37.3 | 115.8 a ± 28.8 | 9.8 | |
| ENA-78 | 100 ab | 128.6 a ± 10.1 | 98.3 ab ± 18.6 | 79.0 b ± 19.2 | 93.4 b ± 12.2 | 72.2 b ± 14.2 | 6.6 | |
| GRO-α | 100 a | 134.3 b ± 35.9 | 104.7 a ± 29.4 | 95.5 a ± 15.9 | 101.7 a ± 21.3 | 95.3 a ± 9.5 | 8.3 | |
| CCL | MCP-1 | 100 a | 152.8 b ± 18.9 | 107.1 a ± 11.1 | 103.1 a ± 3.3 | 119.0 ab ± 9.1 | 108.8 a ± 17.0 | 6.0 |
| MCP-2 | 100 a | 125.2 a ± 8.8 | 64.4 b ± 15.3 | 79.1 ab ± 20.2 | 57.7 b ± 13.2 | 74.8 ab ± 23.5 | 7.8 | |
| MCP-3 | 100 a | 133.8 b ± 19.0 | 74.1 ac ± 20.2 | 72.8 ac ± 30.3 | 55.7 c ± 15.2 | 75.6 ac ± 27.1 | 10.3 | |
| MIP-1δ | 100 a | 130.7 b ± 20.6 | 98.3 a ± 11.7 | 94.9 a ± 5.7 | 117.6 ab ± 5.4 | 89.2 a ± 7.8 | 5.5 | |
| RANTES | 100 a | 147.1 b ± 18.4 | 113.3 a ± 21.6 | 93.5 a ± 9.2 | 88.2 a ± 19.7 | 77.5 a ± 26.5 | 8.4 | |
| I-309 | 100 ab | 120.2 a ± 25.5 | 75.4 b ± 27.3 | 83.5 b ± 20.2 | 49.3 c ± 4.4 | 85.2 b ± 18.9 | 10.5 | |
| MDC | 100 a | 134.3 b ± 15.6 | 94.9 a ± 14.9 | 64.5 c ± 23.1 | 73.1 a ± 10.5 | 64.0 c ± 17.7 | 8.4 | |
| TARC | 100 a | 121.5 a ± 31.7 | 81.4 ab ± 14.1 | 85.8 ab ± 18.1 | 58.5 b ± 10.7 | 79.7 ab ± 11.9 | 8.4 | |
Co-cultured cells were incubated with FRSM extract (1/50 dilution) and ZnO (50 µM) alone or followed by challenge after 4 h with 1 µg/mL LPS and further incubation for another 24 h. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD) and standard error (SEM). Values within a row with different superscript letters were significantly different (p < 0.050). Control = untreated control cells; LPS = cells treated with 1 µg/mL LPS; ZnO = cells treated with ZnO (50 µM); ZnO + LPS = cells treated with ZnO 4 h + LPS for another 24 h; FRSM = cells treated with FRSM (1/50); FRSM + LPS = cells treated with FRSM 4 h + LPS for another 24 h.