Figure 11.

Metal and metal oxide nanomaterials remove biofilm by blocking quorum sensing and killing bacteria. (a) The preparation scheme of Ag NPs@Pull and Au NPs@Pull and their quorum sensing inhibition. (b) The expression of virulence factor-related genes. * p < 0.001 versus control. (c) Synthetic scheme and bactericidal effect of mixed FeCo-oxide-based surface-textured nanostructures. (d) Schematic diagram of the selective catalytic-therapeutic–diagnostic application of FerIONP. (e) Selective bactericidal effect of FerIONP and detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species production. (f) Schematic illustration of the antibiofilm mechanism of nitrosothiol-coated CoFe₂O₄@MnFe₂O₄. (a) Reprinted with permission from Ref. [114]. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society. (b) Reprinted with permission from Ref. [115]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. (c) Reprinted with permission from Ref. [116]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. (d,e) Reprinted with permission from Ref. [117]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. (f) Reprinted with permission from Ref [118]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society.