Figure 3.

Tuneable parameters for simulating cardiac fibrosis. The application of different stimuli (e.g., pro-fibrotic molecules, mechanical stress, and variation of cellular composition) in multicellular 3D models allow features of cardiac fibrosis to be mimicked in vitro, which can be assessed and quantified by multiple in vitro readouts. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs); cardiomyocytes (CMs). This figure was created with Biorender software.