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. 2022 Oct 8;23(19):11946. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911946

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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BTB inhibits proliferation without inducing cell death. Fibroblasts were grown in 24 well plates for 72 h with the indicated dose of BTB (50 µM where not indicated), 1 ng/mL TGF or 5 ng/mL FGF. In panels A–D, cell counts were obtained by trypan blue staining and automated cell counting. Cell counts were performed on non-fibrotic and IPF derived fibroblasts at the baseline (A,B) and in response to TGFβ (C,D). ATP production was used as an indirect measure of proliferation in non-fibrotic fibroblasts (E,F). Cytotoxicity was assessed by LDH release (G), and a caspase 3/7 activity assay was performed (H). Data were analyzed by ANOVA. n = 4–6 technical replicates/group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

BTB inhibits proliferation without inducing cell death. Fibroblasts were grown in 24 well plates for 72 h with the indicated dose of BTB (50 µM where not indicated), 1 ng/mL TGF or 5 ng/mL FGF. In panels A–D, cell counts were obtained by trypan blue staining and automated cell counting. Cell counts were performed on non-fibrotic and IPF derived fibroblasts at the baseline (A,B) and in response to TGFβ (C,D). ATP production was used as an indirect measure of proliferation in non-fibrotic fibroblasts (E,F). Cytotoxicity was assessed by LDH release (G), and a caspase 3/7 activity assay was performed (H). Data were analyzed by ANOVA. n = 4–6 technical replicates/group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.