Table 1.
Methodological information from the studies included.
| Ref. | Platform | Type of Study | Ethics Approval | Urine Collection | Urine Storage | Analytical Validation | ROC Curve (Training/Testing) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [22] | NMR | CRC/control | yes | First-morning urine | −80 °C | - | 0.823 taurine, 0.783 alanine, 0.842 3-aminoisobutyrate/ND |
| [23] | 1H-NMR | CRC/control (including stages + other cancer types) |
yes | Fasting morning urine | −80 °C | 80% training, 20% testing | 0.875 alanine, 0.913 glutamine, 0.933 aspartic acid/ND |
| [24] | 1H-NMR | Positive colonoscopy (adenomas, hyperplastic, CRC)/control | yes | Midstream urine | 4 h at 4 °C 24 h at −80 °C |
27-fold cross-validation | 0.715 (4 compounds)/ND |
| [25] | 1H-NMR | CRC pre-/post-surgery and post-chemotherapy | yes | Morning urine | −80 °C | - | - |
| [26] | 1H-NMR + GC-MS | CRC pre-surgery and post-surgery (6/12 months) |
yes | Urine spot | −80 °C | - | - |
| [27] | 1H-NMR + GC-MS |
CRC pre-/post-surgery and 6-/12-month follow-up AND intra-stages | yes | Pre-/post-surgery overnight fasting urine, 6-/12-month follow-up URINE spot |
−80 °C | - | 0.89 (20 compounds)/ND |
| [28] | NMR + targeted LC-MS/MS |
Adenoma/control | yes, with ID | Midstream urine | −80 °C ‡ | 2/3–1/3 | 0.687/0.692 |
| [29] | 1D NMR | Adenoma/control | yes | Midstream urine | 4 h at 4 °C 24 h at −80 °C |
Validation of [28] | 0.717/ND |
| [30] | 1D NMR | Adenoma/control | yes | Midstream urine | 4 h at 4 °C 24 h at −80 °C |
2/3–1/3 | 0.752/ND |
| [31] | 1H-NMR + GC-MS |
CRC cachectic/pre-cachectic /non-cachectic |
yes, with ID | ND | −80 °C | - | - |
ND: not disclosed. MS/MS: tandem mass spectrometry, LC: liquid chromatography. ‡ Urine temperature conditions were reported in a previous publication.