Table 3.

Relevant compounds per studied group. The compounds shown are found in at least 2 different cohorts. Compounds in bold have a vote count of at least ±2.

Common Name	No. of Cohorts	Behavior (Up–Down–Equal)	Vote-Counting	N	Reference
CRC and advanced adenoma vs. Control
Creatinine	2	0–2–0	−2	343	[22,23]
Hippuric acid	2	0–2–0	−2	343	[22,23]
Choline	2	1–1–0	0	151	[23,25]
L-Alanine	2	1–1–0	0	343	[22,23]
Pre-surgery vs. Post-surgery
Carnitine	2	0–2–0	−2	185	[25,27]
D-Glucose	2	0–2–0	−2	112	[25] †
L-Lysine	2	0–2–0	−2	112	[25] †
Pyruvic acid	2	0–2–0	−2	185	[25,27]
Succinic acid	2	1–1–0	0	185	[25,27]
Trans-Aconitic acid	2	1–1–0	0	185	[25,27]
(CRC and advanced adenoma vs. Control) AND (Pre-surgery vs. Post-surgery)
Creatinine	3	0–3–0	−3	399	[22,23,25]
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	2	0–2–0	−2	112	[25] †
Acetone	2	0–2–0	−2	1044	[24,25]
Carnitine	2	0–2–0	−2	191	[25,27]
D-Glucose	2	0–2–0	−2	112	[25] †
Hippuric acid	2	0–2–0	−2	343	[22,23]
L-Lysine	2	0–2–0	−2	112	[25] †
L-Threonine	2	0–2–0	−2	383	[22,27]
Pyruvic acid	2	0–2–0	−2	191	[25,27]
L-Alanine	3	1–2–0	−1	399	[22,23,25]
Choline	2	1–1–0	0	151	[23,25]
3-Aminoisobutyrate	2	1–1–0	0	304	[22,25]
Formic acid	2	1–1–0	0	112	[25] †
L-Glutamine	2	1–1–0	0	151	[23,25]
L-Tyrosine	2	1–1–0	0	1123	[24,27]
N-Methyl-L-histidine	2	1–1–0	0	112	[25] †
Succinic acid	3	2–1–0	1	247	[25,27] †
Trans-Aconitic acid	3	2–1–0	1	286	[23,25,27] †
Acetic Acid	2	2–0–0	2	112	[25] †
Phenylacetylglutamine *	2	2–0–0	2	112	[25] †
Urea	2	2–0–0	2	383	[22,27]

^† Reference [25] has different analyses of a cohort with different time points. * The original study reported phenylacetylglycine. If NMR-based identification is based on signals from the benzyl group, it is likely to be mistaken with phenylacetylglutamine, which contains a similar group with overlapping signals [34]. Additionally, phenylacetylglycine has not been identified in human urine [35].