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. 2022 Sep 30;23(19):11563. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911563

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Analysis of photosynthetic pigment- and chlorophyll fluorescence-related parameters in duckweed under nitrogen starvation: (a) Content of chlorophyll a. (b) Content of chlorophyll b. (c) Total chlorophyll content. (d) Carotenoid content. The photosynthetic pigment contents were measured after the samples were cultivated under nitrogen starvation for 9 days. (e) Value of Fv/Fm. (f) Value of rETR. (g) Value of Y(II). Chlorophyll fluorescence-related parameters were measured after the samples were cultivated under nitrogen starvation for 6 days. Values given are mean ± standard error (n = 3) (no average values in (f,g)). The asterisk symbol (*) represents statistically significant differences (p < 0.05); the double asterisk symbol (**) indicates that the difference, when compared to the control, is significant based on one-way ANOVA (p < 0.01).