Table 1.

Effects of stress on inflammatory cytokines in the amygdala.

Stress Type	Inflammatory in Amygdala	Species	Reference
Chronic unpredictable mild stress	IL-1β↑ 1, IL-6↑, TNF-α↑	Mouse	[99]
Chronic unpredictable mild stress	IL-1β↑, IL-10↑	Hamsters	[104]
Chronic restrain stress	BLA: NLRP3↑, IL-1β↑	Rat	[100]
Cumulative mild stress	TGF-β↑, IL-1β↑, IL-17↑, IL-18↑, IL-6↑	Mouse	[105]
Chronic social defeat stress	BLA: IL-1β↑, IL-6↑, TNF-α↑, IL-12↑	Mouse	[106]
Modified social defeat stress	IL-6 – 2	Rat	[107]
Foot-shock stress	IL-4 –, IL-10 –, IL-1β –, TNF-α –, INF-γ –, IL-6↓ 3	Mouse	[108]
Forced swim stress	TNF-α↑, IL-6–, IL-1β –	Rats	[109]
Physical restraint stress with brief underwater submersion, and predator odor stress	IL-6↑, IL-1β↑, Caspase 1↑, NLRP3↑	Mouse	[103]
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome	BLA: IL-1R↓, IL-4R↓, IL-13R↓, TNFR↓	Rats	[110]
LPS	BLA: TGF-β1↓, TNF-α↑, IL-1β↑; IL-33↑	Mouse	[111,112]
LPS	IL-6↑, IL-1β↑, TNF-α↑, IL-10↑; IL-6↑, IL-1β↑, vWF↑; IL-6↑, IL-1β↑, TNF-α↑; IL-6↑, IL-1β↑	Mouse	[113,114,115,116,117]
LPS + oxazolone (Ox)-induced AD model	IL-6↑	Mouse	[118]
Central LPS infusion	IL-1β↑, TNF-α↑	Rats	[119]
Intracerebroventricular(i.c.v.) injection of IL-1β	IL-6↑, TNF-α↑	Mouse	[120]
Injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)	BLA: TNF-α↑IL-1β↑, IL-6↑, TNF-α↑	Mouse	[121,122]
High-fat diet	IL-1β↑, TNF-α↑; TNF-α↑	Mouse	[123,124]
High-fat diet	IL-6↑, CD11b –; IL-1Ra↑; IL-6 –, CD11b –, IL-1Rα↓	Rats	[125,126]

¹ ↑ indicates up-regulated expression level; ² – indicates no change; ³ ↓ indicates down-regulated expression level.