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. 2022 Oct 5;23(19):11817. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911817

Figure 5.

Figure 5

RARRES1, RARRES2, and DKK1 expression levels by HFLS and HFLS-OA stimulated with TNFα or LPS measured using the ELISA method. Expression of proteases measured in cellular lysates using the ELISA method. Cells were stimulated for 24 h with 10 ng/mL of TNFα (A,C,E) or LPS (B,D,F). Afterward, the proteins were isolated, and RARRES1 (A,B), RARRES1 (C,D), and DKK1 (E,F) levels were determined. Data were calculated as % of control ± SEM and analyzed with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. * p < 0.05; ** 0.01 > p > 0.001; vs. control group. # p < 0.05; ## 0.01 > p > 0.001; ### p < 0.001 HFLS vs. HFLS-OA stimulated groups. HFLS, human fibroblast-like synoviocytes; HFLS-OA, osteoarthritic human fibroblast-like synoviocytes; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; RARRES1, retinoic acid receptor responder 1; RARRES2, retinoic acid receptor responder 2; DKK1, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1.