Figure 2.
Examples of IGF-targeted agents. Anti-IGF-1R mAbs block ligand–receptor interactions and induce receptor internalization and degradation. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors bind to the receptor tyrosine kinase domain and block the downstream signaling of IGF-1R and INSR. IGF ligand-neutralizing mAbs bind to both IGF ligands (IGF-1 and IGF-2), thereby blocking the activation of IGF-1R and INSR-A. IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; mAbs, monoclonal antibodies; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitors; INSR, insulin receptor.