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. 2022 Oct 9;23(19):11991. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911991

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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MOTS-c mechanism of action in normal young healthy state (left) vs. Aging or age-related diseases (right). The peptide is capable of interacting with the nuclear genome to provide cryoprotection and has beneficial effects mainly when it comes to the regulation of the metabolisms of AMPK and AICAR. Faded lines indicate less dependent effect or production, Faded line with cross indicate signal is completely lost, and cross indicates signal is lost. AMPK, 5′-Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase; AICAR, 5-AminoImidazole-4-CarboxAmide Ribonucleotide; FFA, Free Fatty Acid; FFA-B, Free Fatty Acid-B oxidation; ARE, Antioxidant Response Elements, TF-Transcription factor.