Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants for the combined cohort.
| Characteristics | BCRL (n = 23) | Non-BCRL (n = 90) | OR [95% C.I.] | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years a | 52.43 ± 7.70 | 51.61 ± 8.51 | 0.674 | |
| Years after diagnosis b | 4.00 (4.00) | 4.00 (5.00) | 0.528 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 b | 29.30 (8.97) | 26.71 (7.64) | 0.073 | |
| Fat percentage, % b | 36.30 (9.50) | 37.40 (7.30) | 0.404 | |
| Waist circumference, cm b | 98.50 (18.00) | 89.60 (15.95) | 0.049 * | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio a | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.88 ± 0.06 | 0.076 | |
| Waist-to-height ratio b | 0.62 (0.15) | 0.57 (0.10) | 0.049 * | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm/Hg b, n = 110 | 132.50 (28.25) | 125.50 (22.75) | 0.167 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm/Hg b, n = 110 | 79.00 (18.75) | 79.00 (13.75) | 0.616 | |
| Heart rate, bpm b | 81.50 (20.75) | 80.50 (15.50) | 0.473 | |
| Arm disability scores (DASH) b | 40.00 (28.33) | 17.37 (21.67) | <0.001 ϕ | |
| QoL scores (FACT-B) a | 107.76 ± 20.50 | 114.59 ± 17.00 | 0.103 | |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Hypertension c | 10 (43.47%) | 15 (16.67%) | 3.85 [1.42–10.39] | 0.006 † |
| Diabetes mellitus c | 7 (30.43 %) | 10 (11.11%) | 3.50 [1.16–10.56] | 0.021 * |
ap values of differences between means were calculated using independent Student’s t test and data are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD). b p-values of differences between groups were calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test, with data presented as medians (interquartile range, IQR). c Test of association using the Pearson’s chi-squared test, expressed as the number of subjects for each case and percentage. * p value < 0.05, † p value < 0.01, and ϕ p value < 0.001. Bpm beats per minute; C.I. confidence interval; DASH Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; FACT-B Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Breast; OR odd ratio; QoL quality of Life.