Table 2.
Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of sepsis. Angpt2/1, Angiopoietin 2/Angiopoietin 1; APACHE, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation; AUC, Area under the curve; Bio-ADM, Bioactive Adrenomedullin; CaPT, Calprotectin; CRP, C-reactive protein; HMGB-1, High-mobility group protein B1; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, Interleukin-6; MR-proADM, Mid-regional proAdrenomedullin; PCT, procalcitonin; PTX-3, Pentraxin-3; sCD14-ST, soluble CD14 subtype; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SOFA, Sepsis-related organ failure assessment; sTREM-1, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1; suPAR soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor.
| Study | Number of Patients | Diagnosis/Prediction | Commonly Used Markers/Comparators | New Biomarkers | Variables | AUC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kweon et al. [11] | n = 118 (73 sepsis; 45 SIRS or healthy controls) |
Sepsis | PCT IL-6 |
sCD14-ST (Presepsin) | sCD14-ST PCT IL-6 hs-CRP |
0.937 0.915 0.869 0.853 |
| Lu et al. [12] | 115 patients (72 sepsis; 43 SIRS or healthy controls) |
Sepsis | PCT CRP |
sCD14-ST (Presepsin) | sCD14-ST PCT CRP |
0.954 0.847 0.859 |
| Aksaray et al. [13] | n = 90 (52 sepsis; 38 SIRS) |
Differentiation Sepsis–SIRS | PCT APACHE II |
sTREM-1 | sTREM-1 PCT APACHE II |
0.78 0.65 0.71 |
| Brenner et al. [14] | n = 90 (60 septic shock; 30 healthy controls) |
Septic shock | PCT IL-6 CRP |
sTREM-1 | sTREM-1 IL-6 PCT CRP |
0.955 0.898 0.844 0.791 |
| Khater et al. [15] | n = 80 (40 sepsis; 40 healthy controls) |
Sepsis | Lactate | suPAR | suPAR Lactate |
0.99 0.84 |
| Yin et al. [16] | n = 171 (151 sepsis; 20 healthy controls) |
Sepsis | PCT CRP SOFA |
CD64 | CD64 PCT SOFA CRP |
0.879 0.868 0.701 0.609 |
| Larsson et al. [17] | n = 271 (77 sepsis; 194 non-sepsis) |
Sepsis | PCT | Calprotectin | CaPT PCT |
0.67 0.55 |
| Spoto et al. [18] | n = 159 (109 sepsis; 50 healthy controls) |
Sepsis | PCT SOFA |
MR-proADM | MR-proADM PCT SOFA |
0.817 0.884 0.774 |
| Hamed et al. [19] | n = 290 (213 sepsis; 77 healthy controls) |
Sepsis | PCT IL-6 CRP |
PTX-3 | PTX-3 PCT IL-6 CRP |
0.92 0.92 0.91 0.82 |
| Casagranda et al. [20] | n = 130 (Sepsis) | 28-day mortality | Lactate | suPAR | suPAR Lactate |
0.77 0.70 |
| Chen et al. [21] | n = 66 (25 septic shock; 11 sepsis; 30 healthy controls) |
28-day mortality | APACHE II | HMGB-1 | HMGB-1 IL-10 APACHE II |
0.946 0.877 0.846 |
| Andaluz-Ojeda et al. [22] | n = 326 (Sepsis) | 28-day mortality | PCT CRP Lactate SOFA |
MR-proADM | MR-proADM SOFA Lactate PCT CRP |
0.79 0.75 0.71 0.61 0.54 |
| Kim H et al. [23] | n = 215 (Sepsis) | 30-day mortality | SOFA | Bio-ADM | Bio-ADM SOFA |
0.827 0.830 |
| Seol et al. [24] | n = 145 (Sepsis) | 28-day mortality | SOFA | Angiopoietin | SOFA Angpt2/1 ratio |
0.745 0.736 |
| Fang et al. [25] | n = 388 (333 sepsis; 55 healthy controls) |
28-day mortality | PCT | Angiopoietin | Angpt2/1 ratio PCT |
0.845 0.732 |