AA(s)	amino acid(s)
AMP	adenosine monophosphate
Apoe−/− Ldlr−/−	apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor double knockout mice
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
BCAA(s)	branched-chain amino acid(s)
CD39	ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1
CD73	ecto-5′-nucleotidase
CS	citrate synthase
eADA	ecto-adenosine deaminase
EHNA	erythro-9- (2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine
FCCP	carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
FFA(s)	free fatty acid(s)
Fis-1	mitochondrial fission 1 protein
GTP	guanosine triphosphate
HBSS	Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution
HDL	high-density lipoprotein
hsCRP	high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
ICAM-1	intercellular adhesion molecule 1
LDL	low-density lipoprotein
Ldlr−/−	low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice
MAS	mitochondrial assay solution
MFN-1	mitofusin 1
NRF-1	nuclear respiratory factor 1
OCR	oxygen consumption rate
ORO	oil red O
ROS	reactive oxygen species
TCA cycle	tricarboxylic acid cycle
TG	triglycerides’
TMPD	N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
WT	wild-type mice; C57BL/6j