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. 2022 Sep 23;23(19):11209. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911209

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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FRB fractions were found to have various levels of tryptophan, tryptamine, indole-3-acetic acid, and indole. (A) In the second stage of the FRB fractionation, tryptophan and tryptamine were only found in FRBE and FRBD; (B) Solvent extraction of FRB resulted in three different fractions with varying levels of tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites; (C) FRB had a significantly higher level of tryptophan, tryptamine, and indole in comparison to RB. The data are represented as mean ± SE, n = 3. Significant differences between the groups (t-test, p < 0.05) are marked with asterisks (*).