Akt phosphorylation modulated by DHA and AMPK controlled GSK-3β activity and IL-1β secretion: (A) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with LPS (10 ng/mL) for 3 h, and then treated with PA (250 μmol/L), DHA (20 μmol/L) or Alpelisib (5 nmol/L) for 24 h. Protein lysates were harvested for the analysis of p-Akt, Akt, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-GSK-3β, and GSK-3β protein expression; (B) Band density analysis of western blotting bands in (A); (C) The above-mentioned media in (A) was used for analysis of IL-1β secretion by ELISA; (D) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with LPS (10 ng/mL) for 3 h, and then treated with PA (250 μmol/L) or AICAR (2 mmol/L) for 24 h. Protein lysates were harvested for the analysis of p-Akt, Akt, p-AMPK, and AMPK protein expression; (E) Band density analysis of western blotting bands in (D). Means not sharing a common superscript letter are significantly different at p < 0.05. ND, not detectable.