Table 1.
Summary characteristics of the included studies (N = 9).
| Study, Country | Study Population; Mean Age (Years) |
Intervention Focus | Duration of Intervention | Intervention Setting; Provider | Genotype Assessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grant et al. [16] USA |
108 overweight adults 57.9 ± 10.6 |
Diabetes prevention behaviors | 12 weeks | Primary care Certified genetic counselor, dietitian | A sum of 36 SNPs a |
| Hietaranta-Luoma et al. [17] Finland |
107 healthy adults 47.0 ± 12.1 |
Lifestyle | 1 year | Online Nutritionist, physician | ApoE |
| Nielson and El-Sohemy [18] Canada |
138 healthy adults 26.5 ± 3.0 |
Dietary intake | 3 and 12 months | Online Nutrigenomix Inc. | CYP1A2, GSTT1 and GSTM1, Tas1R2, ACE |
| Frankwich et al. [19] USA |
51 obese veterans 48.4 ± 2.6 (GT group); 54.6 ± 2.7 (ST group) |
Weight loss | 8 weeks | Weight management clinic Multidisciplinary team | FIT test b |
| Food4Me [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28] 7 European countries |
1607 adults 39.8 ± 13.1 |
Dietary and diet quality, physical activity, anthropometry, biomarkers changes | 6 months | Online Nutritionists and dietitians | FTO, FADS1, TCF7L2, ApoE Ɛ4 and MTHFR |
| Roke et al. [29] Canada |
57 young adult females 22.0 ± 1.5 |
Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids | 12 weeks | University campus University research team |
FADS1 |
| Almeida et al. [30] Canada |
55 healthy adults 45.8 ± 5.8 |
Overall dietary changes | 9 weeks | Online Dietitian | Clustered gene testing c |
| Doets et al. [31] Netherlands |
59 older adults 67.7 ± 4.8 |
Lifestyle | 9 weeks | Online N/A | FTO, TCF7L2, FADS1, VDR Taq1, ACE and GDF5 |
| Horne et al. [32] Canada |
140 overweight adults 56.4 ± 12.1 (GLB group); 53.5 ± 13.6 (GLB + NGx group) |
Overall dietary changes | 12 months | Primary care Dietitian |
UCP1, FTO, TCF7L2, APOA2, PPARγ2 and MC4R |
a summary genetic risk score calculated from 36 successfully genotyped risk alleles previously associated with type 2 diabetes; b a set of SNPs in genes important for obesity, eating behaviors, and exercise; c gene tests included 5 evidence-based components (diet management, weight response, food tolerances, food taste and preference, and vitamins, minerals, and essential fats).