Table 1.
Findings of chitosan-based nanoparticles used in biomedical applications.
| Chitosan Nanoparticles | Biomedical Application | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ch-Au particles | Biomedical sensors | Immobilisation of enzymes | [119] |
| Ch–montmorillonite nanocomposites | Biomedical sensors | Used for anionic detection in aqueous samples | [120] |
| Ch-RNAi complexes | Gene therapy | Transfection of CHO-K1, HEK293, H1299, HepG2 cells | [121] |
| Ch-grafted polyethylene glycol methacrylate | Ophthalmic diseases | No cytotoxicity, hemocompatible | [122] |
| Graphene/AuNP/Ch electrode | Glucose biosensor | High electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide and oxygen | [123] |
| Insulin-loaded lecithin/ChNP | Drug delivery system | Increased bioavailability, release, and enhanced therapeutic properties | [124] |
| Chitin nanofiber composite | Therapeutic enzyme immobilisation | Separation of immobilised chymotrypsin is easy and recycled | [125] |
| Modified glycol ChNP-encapsulated camptothecin | Cancer therapy | Efficient drug delivery system | [126] |
| Palladium NP chitosan oligosaccharide with RGD peptide | Breast cancer therapy by enhancing photothermal effects | Enhanced imaging and tumour therapy | [127] |
| Saquinavir-loaded ChNP | Anti-HIV system | Strains of HIV—NL4-3 and indie-C1 responded to the delivery system | [128] |
| Sodium alginate with Ch and olive oil-coated beads | Helicobacter pylori infections | Controlled release of active clarithromycin | [129] |
| Timolol maleate-galactosylated ChNP | Ocular delivery of timolol maleate | Enhanced penetration and retention | [125] |
| Zinc-ChNP | Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia | Induced apoptosis in human acute T-lymphocyte leukaemia | [130] |
NP stands for nanoparticles.