PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Akt	protein kinase B
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-B
PIP3	phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
mTORC1,	mTOR complex 1
p70S6K	p70S6 kinase
4E-BP1	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
JNK	C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase
EMT	epithelial-mesenchymal transition
CDK	cyclin dependent kinase
CKI	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor
AIF	apoptosis-inducing factor
ECM	extracellular matrix
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinases
uPA	urokinase-type plasminogen activator
TGF-β1	transforming growth factor beta 1
TCF	transcription factor
PKCδ	protein kinase C delta
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
FAK	focal adhesion kinase
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
HUVECs	human umbilical endothelial cells
MES	mouse embryonic stem
EB	embryoid body
CAM	chicken chorioallantoic membrane