Table 4.
Differences in pain phenotyping in COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID pain depending on the Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) polymorphism (rs1800629).
| G/G (n = 95) | A/G (n = 19) | A/A (n = 3) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Features | |||
| Age (years) | 55.1 ± 12.1 | 54.7 ± 14.7 | 56.0 ± 4.5 |
| Height (m) | 1.63 ± 0.1 | 1.64 ± 0.1 | 1.68 ± 0.15 |
| Weight (kg) | 80.0 ± 16.2 | 81.0 ± 13.9 | 89.3 ± 15.5 |
| Clinical Features | |||
| Pain intensity (NPRS, 0–10) | 5.7 ± 1.8 | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 5.0 ± 0.9 |
| Post-COVID Symptoms (months) | 17.4 ± 5.2 | 18.8 ± 4.9 | 19.0 ± 1.7 |
| Sensory-Related Variables | |||
| CSI (0–100) | 34.6 ± 19.0 | 39.9 ± 14.3 | 40.3. ± 14.9 |
| S-LANSS (0–24) | 7.7 ± 8.7 | 8.0 ± 5.8 | 7.6 ± 6.4 |
| Cognitive Variables | |||
| PSC (0–52) | 8.4 ± 10.2 | 7.9 ± 6.0 | 8.7 ± 6.5 |
| TSK-11 (0–44) | 23.3 ± 8.9 | 22.1 ± 7.8 | 25.3 ± 10.0 |
| Psychological Variables | |||
| HADS-A (0–21) | 4.6 ± 4.4 | 4.1 ± 4.0 | 3.8 ± 2.1 |
| HADS-D (0–21) | 4.1 ± 4.5 | 4.0 ± 3.6 | 3.7 ± 1.2 |
| PSQI (0–21) | 7.5 ± 3.9 | 8.0 ± 3.5 | 7.0 ± 3.6 |
NPRS: Numerical Pain Rate Scale; CSI: Central Sensitization Inventory; S-LANSS: self-reported version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs; PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale; TSK-11: 11-items Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (A: Anxiety; D: Depression PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleeping Quality Index).