Table 5.
Risk factors of diagnostic failure of CT-guided PTNB in total patients and Group 1 patients.
| Total Patients | Group 1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
| Unadjusted OR | p-Value * | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value † | Unadjusted OR | p-Value * | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value † | |
| (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| 60 ≤ Age < 80 | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Age ≥ 80 | 1.449 (0.649–3.235) | 0.365 | 1.470 (0.646–3.345) | 0.358 | ||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Female | 1.686 (0.815–3.489) | 0.159 | 2.083 (0.512–8.472) | 0.305 | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Former | 1.077 (0.582–1.991) | 0.813 | 2.235 (0.363–13.782) | 0.386 | ||||
| Current | 1.076 (0.534–2.168) | 0.838 | 1.583 (0.121–20.684) | 0.726 | ||||
| Smoking pack-years | 0.998 (0.978–1.018) | 0.808 | 0.993 (0.955–1.032) | 0.713 | ||||
| Smoking group | ||||||||
| ≥1 PY | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| ≥30 PY | 1.020 (0.334–3.119) | 0.972 | N/A | - | ||||
| Emphysema | ||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Yes | 1.783 (0.874–3.634) | 0.112 | 1.150 (0.290–4.557) | 0.842 | ||||
| ILA or ILD | ||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Yes | 0.732 (0.267–2.010) | 0.545 | 1.247 (0.274–5.678) | 0.776 | ||||
| Location | ||||||||
| Upper | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Middle/lower lobes | 1.750 (0.848–3.609) | 0.13 | 4.833 (1.084–21.558) | 0.039 | 2.660 (0.513–13.785) | 0.244 | ||
| Target size | 0.707 (0.552–0.904) | 0.006 | 0.706 (0.552–0.903) | 0.006 | 0.417 (0.217–0.802) | 0.009 | 0.463 (0.239–0.898) | 0.023 |
| Type | ||||||||
| Solid | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Part-solid | 0.700 (0.085–5.772) | 0.74 | N/A | - | ||||
| Pure GGN | N/A | - | ||||||
GGN, ground-glass nodule; ILA, interstitial lung abnormality; ILD, interstitial lung disease; N/A, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; PY, pack-year. * p values from univariate analyses. † p values from multivariate analysis.