Table 1.
Patient characteristics and clinical course in first PICS survey.
| First PICS Survey (5.5 ± 3.1 Months after ICU Discharge) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| PICS (n = 147) | Non-PICS (n = 104) | p Value | |
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | 68 (60, 75) | 65 (56.3, 72) | 0.010 |
| Male, n (%) | 114 (77.6) | 86 (82.7) | 0.32 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 24.7 (22.0, 28.4) |
25.9 (23.3, 29.0) |
0.040 |
| SOFA score on the day of ventilation start, median (IQR) | 5 (4, 7) | 5 (4, 7) | 0.73 |
| Clinical frailty scale before hospitalization, median (IQR) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 2) | 0.27 |
| Delirium, n (%) | 36 (24.5) | 14 (13.5) | 0.030 |
| Duration of delirium within 1 week of ICU admission, day, median (IQR) | 2.5 (1, 5) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.30 |
| Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, day, median (IQR) | 10 (6, 17) | 8 (6, 13) | 0.0030 |
| Length of ICU stay, day, median (IQR) | 13 (8, 21) | 10 (8, 17) | 0.010 |
| Length of hospital stay, day, median (IQR) | 26 (15, 51) | 20 (10, 32) | 0.0030 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 62 (42.2) | 52 (50) | 0.22 |
| Diabetes | 49 (33.3) | 31 (29.8) | 0.56 |
| Cardiac disease | 13 (8.8) | 13 (12.5) | 0.35 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (2.0) | 4 (3.9) | 0.32 |
| Autoimmune diseases | 7 (4.8) | 2 (1.9) | 0.20 |
| Malignant tumors | 7 (4.8) | 7 (6.7) | 0.50 |
| COPD | 12 (8.2) | 9 (8.7) | 0.89 |
| Immunodeficiency | 5 (3.4) | 3 (2.9) | 0.56 |
| Treatment received during hospital stay | |||
| Reintubation, n (%) | 9 (6.1) | 1 (1.0) | 0.040 |
| ECMO, n (%) | 17 (11.6) | 16 (15.4) | 0.38 |
| Duration of ECMO, day, median (IQR) | 14 (9, 18) | 10.5 (9, 17) | 0.79 |
| Tracheostomy, n (%) | 35 (23.8) | 16 (15.4) | 0.10 |
| Corticosteroid, n (%) | 118 (80.3) | 76 (73.1) | 0.18 |
| Maximum prednisolone dose, mg/day, median (IQR) | 44 (30, 100) | 40 (0, 75) | 0.030 |
| Continuous neuromuscular blocking agent, n (%) | 63 (42.9) | 49 (47.1) | 0.50 |
| Prone position, n (%) | 82 (55.8) | 50 (48.1) | 0.23 |
| Continuous renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 12 (8.2) | 7 (6.7) | 0.67 |
| Rehabilitation program, n (%) | 83 (56.5) | 57 (54.8) | 0.80 |
| Time from ICU admission to rehabilitation program initiation, day, median (IQR) | 5 (2, 20) | 4 (2.5, 12) | 0.37 |
BMI: body mass index, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU: Intensive Care Unit, IQR: interquartile range, PICS: post-intensive care syndrome, SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.